From 1ddc9113ac4e1520fae5782ce1fd61b373d04ef7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ronald Tse Date: Tue, 3 Nov 2026 21:16:12 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] feat: add ICS 630-01 Annex D Chinese personal names map MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit odni-zho-Hani-Latn-2015: the IC standard for Chinese personal names — Hanyu Pinyin with the annex's modifications (u for the umlauted ü, no syllable apostrophes, word-initial capitalization per name part) plus the Appendix C common-surname character table (115 characters from 116 printed entries; 范 is printed twice, both STC 5400). Generated by tools/gen-ics-630-01-annexd.py from tools/ics-630-01-annexd.json, extracted by tools/extract-ics-630-01-annexd.py from the Annex D text layers; Appendix A's syllable grid was spot-checked visually at 600 dpi, Appendix C at 300 dpi. Source anomalies are recorded in the map notes, not corrected: the two 'i'-labeled header columns, the Wong and Kei cells, the absent wen/nun/len/nia syllables, Appendix B's lyu/nyu spelling of the umlaut syllables contradicting the normative rule, and the bo row's Zhuyin cell ㄅㄠㄛ. 132 embedded tests (one per printed surname entry, plus the document examples and the orthographic rules) pass through the Ruby interpreter (132/132) and the TypeScript runtime (132/132). interscript-ruby's ISC bridge currently drops rule constraints (NodeAdapter#build_rule reads constraint[:value] where the transform emits { kind:, item: }), so the verification applies that one-line key fix locally; the TS runtime passes unmodified, and both corpus parse gates stay green (408/408). --- maps/odni-zho-Hani-Latn-2015.isc | 457 ++ tools/extract-ics-630-01-annexd.py | 244 ++ tools/gen-ics-630-01-annexd.py | 349 ++ tools/ics-630-01-annexd.json | 6507 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 7557 insertions(+) create mode 100644 maps/odni-zho-Hani-Latn-2015.isc create mode 100644 tools/extract-ics-630-01-annexd.py create mode 100644 tools/gen-ics-630-01-annexd.py create mode 100644 tools/ics-630-01-annexd.json diff --git a/maps/odni-zho-Hani-Latn-2015.isc b/maps/odni-zho-Hani-Latn-2015.isc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..221c90f --- /dev/null +++ b/maps/odni-zho-Hani-Latn-2015.isc @@ -0,0 +1,457 @@ +system "ODNI:zho-Hani:Latn:2015" { + +metadata { + authority_id odni + id 2015 + language iso-639-2:zho + source_script Hani + destination_script Latn + name ICS-630-01 Romanization of Chinese Personal Names (2015) + source ICS-630-01 Annex D + creation_date 2015 + confirmation_date 2015-08 + description { This system applies to personal names rendered in Modern Chinese as + represented in the Hanyu Pinyin Romanization System. It does not + apply to names that are represented in other systems or in + Romanization schemes or practices that are used to represent + personal names in Chinese dialects. + + The Intelligence Community (IC) standard for transliterating Chinese + personal names into English is the Hanyu Pinyin Romanization System + (or pinyin), officially known as the Scheme of the Chinese Phonetic + Alphabet (汉语拼音方案), with several modifications as specified in + this document (e.g., absence of umlauted ü, title case for + surnames). In 1982 the International Organization for + Standardization (ISO) codified the Hanyu Pinyin Romanization System + as ISO 7098, Information and Documentation – Romanization of Chinese + (Second Edition, 12-15-1991). + + The primary purpose for designating a singular system is to allow + for a consistent transcription of names that is specifically + readable to the English-speaking non-specialist. It is not intended + to be fully "reversible". Disambiguation should be accomplished by + providing additional information following best practices of the + issuing organization: the Unicode-encoded form of the original + Chinese characters, the original encoding scheme if other than + Unicode (e.g., Big5 or GB), whether traditional or simplified + characters were used, and Standard Telegraphic Code (标准电码) + representations (The Standard Telegraph Codebook, revised edition, + PRC Ministry of Post and Telecommunications) — e.g., Ma Yingjiu + (STC: 7456/5391/0036). Use simplified (or short form) characters as + the default; traditional (or long form) characters may be used for + non-Mainland persons. + + Personal names in Chinese should be transliterated into the IC + Standard in accordance with the following criteria: + + a. the surname (family name) should appear first, followed by the + given name + b. the surname should be separated from the given name and be + followed by the given name. The initial letter of each name + should be capitalized, with the rest in lower case letters + c. commas should not be placed between the surname and given name + d. syllables should not be separated in the given name + e. hyphens should not be used between any syllables (except as + noted in paragraph 12) + f. apostrophes should not be used between any syllables (see + paragraph 14 for details) + g. compound surnames should be capitalized with no space between + the characters + + Examples include Zhang Wei, Hu Jintao, Ouyang Xiu, Zhou Youguang, + and Ouyang Qianqing. If an official spelling of a name differs from + the IC Standard, it may be used throughout the document, with the + IC Standard spelling included where capabilities allow. + + When a married woman uses both her surname and her husband's + surname, both surnames are capitalized, but a hyphen should be used + to separate the surnames (e.g., Chen-Li Meiling; the first surname + is the husband's, the second the wife's maiden name). + + The umlaut (ü), as in Lü and Nü, should not be used. The standard + uses u for the ü character: Lu, Nu. No apostrophe (’) should be + used between syllables; other forensic information (e.g. original + Chinese characters, STC codes) should be used where necessary to + disambiguate syllable combinations. Any additional ambiguity should + be addressed in a Translator's Comment. + } + + notes { + # Encoded transformation + note "This map encodes the character-level data of the annex: the + surname characters of Appendix C (List of Common Chinese Surnames, + 116 printed entries over 115 distinct characters), the umlaut fold + (u for ü), the apostrophe prohibition (criterion f, paragraph 14), + and word-initial capitalization of each name part (criterion b), + applied through boundary postrules. The name-formation rules + (criteria a, c, d, g) operate above the character level and are not + encoded. Given-name characters have no character mapping: the annex + provides no general hanzi-to-pinyin character table — its hanzi + data is the surname list of Appendix C only. Given names must + already be in pinyin orthography (the standard's stated domain) and + pass through the orthographic rules unchanged apart from the fold, + the apostrophe removal and the capitalization." + # Appendix A — IC Transliteration Table (D-4) + note "Appendix A is the IC syllable inventory: 411 initial-final + cells over 39 printed final columns and 25 initial rows (the + zero-initial row and b c ch d f g h j k l m n p q r s sh t w x y z + zh). Its cells print the IC syllable forms, title-cased; this map + realizes them through the word-initial capitalization postrule — + orthographically the cells are standard pinyin except the umlaut + columns (lü, lüe, nü, nüe printed as Lu, Lue, Nu, Nue) and the + anomalies recorded here, all as printed and none silently + corrected: the header prints two adjacent columns both labeled + 'i' — the cells of the z, c, s and y rows (Zi Ci Si Yi) sit under + the first and those of the zh, ch, sh and r rows (Zhi Chi Shi Ri) + under the second, distinguishing the two apical vowel readings of + the letter i; the w- row carries a 'Wong' cell under the ong column + alongside 'Weng' under eng — wong is not a standard pinyin syllable + (the dialectal surname form); the k- row carries 'Kei', which the + standard orthography does not list; the standard syllables wen + (present in Appendix B), nun, len and nia are absent from the + table, as are the interjection syllables (m, n, ng, hm, hng, fiao); + and the two printed columns 'uen' and 'ueng' carry no cells in any + row. The complete grid is preserved in + tools/ics-630-01-annexd.json (cells: initial, final, input syllable, + IC form)." + # Appendix B — Conversion Table (D-5..D-18) + note "Appendix B is a Conversion Table of Common Chinese + Romanization Systems: 397 rows of IC (Based on Pinyin), Wade-Giles, + Yale and Mandarin Phonetic (Zhuyin) syllable correspondences. It is + a cross-romanization reference, outside the scope of a + Hani-to-Latin character map, and is preserved in full in + tools/ics-630-01-annexd.json. As printed it contradicts the + normative umlaut rule: its IC column spells lü, lüe, nü, nüe as + 'lyu', 'lue', 'nyu', 'nue' (Wade-Giles lü, lüeh, nü, nüeh), where + the main text and Appendix A prescribe Lu, Lue, Nu, Nue — the + normative forms are encoded here. Its bo row prints the Zhuyin cell + ㄅㄠㄛ where the standard spelling is ㄅㄛ. It additionally + contains wen and yai rows absent from Appendix A, and omits the + Appendix A cells chua, dei, den, dia, ei, eng, kei, lia, lo, me, o, + rua, shei, tei, wong, zhei and the umlaut spellings lü, lüe, nü, + nüe." + # Appendix C — anomalies + note "Appendix C anomalies, as printed: 范 appears twice, both + times with STC 5400 and the IC primary Fan (the second entry adds + the alternate Farn); the list prints the traditional forms 呂 (0712 + Lu), 萬 (5502 Wan) and 葉 (5509 Ye) alongside simplified forms, + although the main text directs to use simplified characters as the + default — the characters are mapped exactly as printed; the 柯 cell + prints 'Ke, Ker, and Quah' with a literal 'and', which is preserved + in the rule comment. Each rule comment carries the entry's Standard + Telegraphic Code (标准电码) and the non-IC alternate renditions + printed after the IC form; the alternates are other common + renditions, not IC Standard outputs, and do not participate in the + mapping." + # Main-text rules outside the character mapping + note "Main-text rules recorded but not encoded: persons who have + adopted English names give the English name first (David Dai Ho, + Elaine L. Chao, Gary F. Locke — IC Standard Luo Jiahui, STC + 7482/1367/6540); variant spellings are retained in parentheses + (Huang Haoran, also seen as Wong Hoi-yin and Raymond Wong); an + official spelling may override the IC Standard spelling; residual + ambiguity (nicknames, former married names) is addressed in a + Translator's Comment." + # Parent standard memo (ICS 630-01 cover) + note "The annex is issued under ICS 630-01, Foreign Language + Transliteration Standards (Intelligence Community Standard + 630-01): transliteration is standardized within the IC on all + finished analytical reports and products; FLTS for individual + languages are developed and reviewed by each IC element's Senior + Language Authority, promulgated as annexes titled Standards for + the Transliteration of Personal Names in Written Reports and + Products, issued by the ADNI through the Foreign Language Program + Office. The standard is effective 10 August 2015, the date of + signature (Deana A. Krichter, ADNI for Human Capital)." + } +} + +tests { + # Appendix C: List of Common Chinese Surnames — one test per printed entry, IC primary form. + "丁" -> "Ding" # STC 0002 + "于" -> "Yu" # STC 0060 + "方" -> "Fang" # STC 2455 + "孔" -> "Kong" # STC 1313 + "毛" -> "Mao" # STC 3029 + "王" -> "Wang" # STC 3769 + "文" -> "Wen" # STC 2429 + "尹" -> "Yin" # STC 1438 + "白" -> "Bai" # STC 4101 + "石" -> "Shi" # STC 4258 + "史" -> "Shi" # STC 0670 + "田" -> "Tian" # STC 3944 + "池" -> "Chi" # STC 3069 + "江" -> "Jiang" # STC 3068 + "任" -> "Ren" # STC 0117 + "伊" -> "Yi" # STC 0122 + "朱" -> "Zhu" # STC 2612 + "阮" -> "Ruan" # STC 7086 + "杜" -> "Du" # STC 2629 + "何" -> "He" # STC 0149 + "李" -> "Li" # STC 2621 + "呂" -> "Lu" # STC 0712 + "邱" -> "Qiu" # STC 6726 + "邵" -> "Shao" # STC 6730 + "沈" -> "Shen" # STC 3088 + "宋" -> "Song" # STC 1345 + "巫" -> "Wu" # STC 1566 + "吴" -> "Wu" # STC 0702 + "余" -> "Yu" # STC 0151 + "金" -> "Jin" # STC 6855 + "林" -> "Lin" # STC 2651 + "孟" -> "Meng" # STC 1322 + "汪" -> "Wang" # STC 3076 + "易" -> "Yi" # STC 2496 + "周" -> "Zhou" # STC 0719 + "花" -> "Hua" # STC 5363 + "段" -> "Duan" # STC 3008 + "范" -> "Fan" # STC 5400 + "郝" -> "Hao" # STC 6787 + "胡" -> "Hu" # STC 5170 + "侯" -> "Hou" # STC 0186 + "姜" -> "Jiang" # STC 1203 + "马" -> "Ma" # STC 7456 + "姚" -> "Yao" # STC 1202 + "柯" -> "Ke" # STC 2688 + "洪" -> "Hong" # STC 3163 + "陈" -> "Chen" # STC 7115 + "高" -> "Gao" # STC 7559 + "郭" -> "Guo" # STC 6753 + "姬" -> "Ji" # STC 1213 + "康" -> "Kang" # STC 1660 + "陆" -> "Lu" # STC 7120 + "秦" -> "Qin" # STC 4440 + "孙" -> "Sun" # STC 1327 + "唐" -> "Tang" # STC 0781 + "夏" -> "Xia" # STC 1115 + "徐" -> "Xu" # STC 1776 + "袁" -> "Yuan" # STC 5913 + "曹" -> "Cao" # STC 2580 + "常" -> "Chang" # STC 1603 + "崔" -> "Cui" # STC 1508 + "冯" -> "Feng" # STC 7458 + "黄" -> "Huang" # STC 7806 + "梁" -> "Liang" # STC 2733 + "梅" -> "Mei" # STC 2734 + "许" -> "Xu" # STC 6079 + "张" -> "Zhang" # STC 1728 + "程" -> "Cheng" # STC 4453 + "傅" -> "Fu" # STC 0265 + "贺" -> "He" # STC 6320 + "彭" -> "Peng" # STC 1756 + "汤" -> "Tang" # STC 3282 + "萬" -> "Wan" # STC 5502 + "葉" -> "Ye" # STC 5509 + "曾" -> "Zeng" # STC 2582 + "邹" -> "Zou" # STC 6760 + "焦" -> "Jiao" # STC 3542 + "项" -> "Xiang" # STC 7309 + "邓" -> "Deng" # STC 6772 + "董" -> "Dong" # STC 5516 + "贾" -> "Jia" # STC 6328 + "雷" -> "Lei" # STC 7191 + "乔" -> "Qiao" # STC 0829 + "杨" -> "Yang" # STC 2799 + "潘" -> "Pan" # STC 3382 + "熊" -> "Xiong" # STC 3574 + "赵" -> "Zhao" # STC 6392 + "郑" -> "Zheng" # STC 6774 + "蔡" -> "Cai" # STC 5591 + "范" -> "Fan" # STC 5400 + "蒋" -> "Jiang" # STC 5592 + "黎" -> "Li" # STC 7812 + "刘" -> "Liu" # STC 0491 + "骆" -> "Luo" # STC 7482 + "阎" -> "Yan" # STC 7051 + "欧" -> "Ou" # STC 2962 + "赖" -> "Lai" # STC 6351 + "霍" -> "Huo" # STC 7202 + "卢" -> "Lu" # STC 4151 + "钱" -> "Qian" # STC 6929 + "萧" -> "Xiao" # STC 5618 + "韩" -> "Han" # STC 7281 + "龙" -> "Long" # STC 7893 + "魏" -> "Wei" # STC 7614 + "谢" -> "Xie" # STC 6200 + "薛" -> "Xue" # STC 5641 + "戴" -> "Dai" # STC 1601 + "聂" -> "Nie" # STC 5119 + "谭" -> "Tan" # STC 6223 + "罗" -> "Luo" # STC 5012 + "苏" -> "Su" # STC 5685 + "锺" -> "Zhong" # STC 6945 + "关" -> "Guan" # STC 7070 + "顾" -> "Gu" # STC 7357 + "龚" -> "Gong" # STC 7895 + "栾" -> "Luan" # STC 2940 + # Umlaut fold and apostrophe rules (main text; Appendix A). + "lü" -> "Lu" + "nü" -> "Nu" + "lüe" -> "Lue" + "nüe" -> "Nue" + "Lü Lin" -> "Lu Lin" + "xi’an" -> "Xian" + "xi'an" -> "Xian" + # Document examples through the orthographic rules (criteria b, e, g): Zhang Wei, Hu Jintao, Ouyang Xiu, Zhou Youguang, Ouyang Qianqing, Ma Yingjiu (STC: 7456/5391/0036), Luo Jiahui [IC Standard: Luo Jiahui, STC: 7482/1367/6540], Huang Haoran (also Wong Hoi-yin), Chen-Li Meiling. + "zhang wei" -> "Zhang Wei" + "hu jintao" -> "Hu Jintao" + "ouyang xiu" -> "Ouyang Xiu" + "zhou youguang" -> "Zhou Youguang" + "ouyang qianqing" -> "Ouyang Qianqing" + "ma yingjiu" -> "Ma Yingjiu" + "luo jiahui" -> "Luo Jiahui" + "huang haoran" -> "Huang Haoran" + "chen-li meiling" -> "Chen-Li Meiling" +} + +stage main { + parallel { + # APPENDIX C — List of Common Chinese Surnames (D-19..D-22) + # Each rule: character -> IC transliteration; comment carries the + # printed STC code and the non-IC alternate renditions. + sub "丁" "Ding" # STC 0002 + sub "于" "Yu" # STC 0060 + sub "方" "Fang" # STC 2455; as printed: Fang, Fong + sub "孔" "Kong" # STC 1313; as printed: Kong, Kung, Hung + sub "毛" "Mao" # STC 3029; as printed: Mao, Mo + sub "王" "Wang" # STC 3769; as printed: Wang, Wong, Voung, Ong, Heng + sub "文" "Wen" # STC 2429; as printed: Wen, Man + sub "尹" "Yin" # STC 1438 + sub "白" "Bai" # STC 4101; as printed: Bai, Ba + sub "石" "Shi" # STC 4258; as printed: Shi, Shek + sub "史" "Shi" # STC 0670; as printed: Shi, Zee + sub "田" "Tian" # STC 3944; as printed: Tian, Tien + sub "池" "Chi" # STC 3069; as printed: Chi, Chea + sub "江" "Jiang" # STC 3068; as printed: Jiang, Chiang, Gong, Giang + sub "任" "Ren" # STC 0117; as printed: Ren, Yum + sub "伊" "Yi" # STC 0122; as printed: Yi, Yee + sub "朱" "Zhu" # STC 2612; as printed: Zhu, Chew, Choo, Chu, Gee + sub "阮" "Ruan" # STC 7086; as printed: Ruan, Yuen, Nguyen + sub "杜" "Du" # STC 2629; as printed: Du, Tu, Do + sub "何" "He" # STC 0149; as printed: He, Ho, Ko + sub "李" "Li" # STC 2621; as printed: Li, Lee + sub "呂" "Lu" # STC 0712 + sub "邱" "Qiu" # STC 6726; as printed: Qiu, Khu, Kau + sub "邵" "Shao" # STC 6730; as printed: Shao, Chiu + sub "沈" "Shen" # STC 3088; as printed: Shen, Sun, Sung + sub "宋" "Song" # STC 1345; as printed: Song, Sung + sub "巫" "Wu" # STC 1566; as printed: Wu, Mo + sub "吴" "Wu" # STC 0702; as printed: Wu, Woo, Ng, Ang, Eng, Ing + sub "余" "Yu" # STC 0151; as printed: Yu, Yue + sub "金" "Jin" # STC 6855; as printed: Jin, Ching, King + sub "林" "Lin" # STC 2651; as printed: Lin, Lim, Lam, Lum + sub "孟" "Meng" # STC 1322; as printed: Meng, Man + sub "汪" "Wang" # STC 3076; as printed: Wang, Wong + sub "易" "Yi" # STC 2496; as printed: Yi, Yee + sub "周" "Zhou" # STC 0719; as printed: Zhou, Chau, Chow, Chou, Joe + sub "花" "Hua" # STC 5363; as printed: Hua, Fa, Far + sub "段" "Duan" # STC 3008 + sub "范" "Fan" # STC 5400; character printed twice in the list (both STC 5400); first entry as printed: Fan, Fang; second entry as printed: Fan, Fang, Farn + sub "郝" "Hao" # STC 6787 + sub "胡" "Hu" # STC 5170; as printed: Hu, Wu, Woo + sub "侯" "Hou" # STC 0186 + sub "姜" "Jiang" # STC 1203; as printed: Jiang, Giang + sub "马" "Ma" # STC 7456; as printed: Ma, Mah, Mar + sub "姚" "Yao" # STC 1202; as printed: Yao, Yew + sub "柯" "Ke" # STC 2688; as printed: Ke, Ker, and Quah + sub "洪" "Hong" # STC 3163; as printed: Hong, Hung + sub "陈" "Chen" # STC 7115; as printed: Chen, Chan, Tan + sub "高" "Gao" # STC 7559; as printed: Gao, Kao, Ko + sub "郭" "Guo" # STC 6753; as printed: Guo, Kuo, Kuok, Kwok + sub "姬" "Ji" # STC 1213 + sub "康" "Kang" # STC 1660; as printed: Kang, Hong + sub "陆" "Lu" # STC 7120; as printed: Lu, Loc, Lok + sub "秦" "Qin" # STC 4440; as printed: Qin, Chin + sub "孙" "Sun" # STC 1327; as printed: Sun, Suen + sub "唐" "Tang" # STC 0781; as printed: Tang, Tong + sub "夏" "Xia" # STC 1115; as printed: Xia, Hsia, Ha + sub "徐" "Xu" # STC 1776; as printed: Xu, Hsu, Shaw, Seah, Shu + sub "袁" "Yuan" # STC 5913; as printed: Yuan, Yuen + sub "曹" "Cao" # STC 2580; as printed: Cao, Tsao, Tso, Cho, Tow + sub "常" "Chang" # STC 1603 + sub "崔" "Cui" # STC 1508; as printed: Cui, Chui + sub "冯" "Feng" # STC 7458; as printed: Feng, Fung, Foong + sub "黄" "Huang" # STC 7806; as printed: Huang, Wong, Hwang, Oei, Ooi + sub "梁" "Liang" # STC 2733; as printed: Liang, Leong, Leung, Liong, Leon, Loeung + sub "梅" "Mei" # STC 2734; as printed: Mei, Mai, May, Mey, Mui, Mue + sub "许" "Xu" # STC 6079; as printed: Xu, Hsu, Hui + sub "张" "Zhang" # STC 1728; as printed: Zhang, Chang, Cheung, Jung, Cheong, Jong, Teo, Teoh + sub "程" "Cheng" # STC 4453; as printed: Cheng, Tsen + sub "傅" "Fu" # STC 0265; as printed: Fu, Foo + sub "贺" "He" # STC 6320 + sub "彭" "Peng" # STC 1756; as printed: Peng, Pang + sub "汤" "Tang" # STC 3282; as printed: Tang, Tong + sub "萬" "Wan" # STC 5502; as printed: Wan, Man, Mon, Won + sub "葉" "Ye" # STC 5509; as printed: Ye, Yip, Ip, Yap, Yep + sub "曾" "Zeng" # STC 2582; as printed: Zeng, Tseng, Jeng + sub "邹" "Zou" # STC 6760; as printed: Zou, Chou + sub "焦" "Jiao" # STC 3542; as printed: Jiao, Jiu + sub "项" "Xiang" # STC 7309; as printed: Xiang, Hong + sub "邓" "Deng" # STC 6772; as printed: Deng, Tang, Teng, Thien, Thean, Thian + sub "董" "Dong" # STC 5516; as printed: Dong, Tong + sub "贾" "Jia" # STC 6328; as printed: Jia, Chia + sub "雷" "Lei" # STC 7191; as printed: Lei, Louie + sub "乔" "Qiao" # STC 0829; as printed: Qiao, Chiao, Kiu + sub "杨" "Yang" # STC 2799; as printed: Yang, Young, Yeung, Yeo, Yong + sub "潘" "Pan" # STC 3382; as printed: Pan, Poon + sub "熊" "Xiong" # STC 3574; as printed: Xiong, Hong, Hung + sub "赵" "Zhao" # STC 6392; as printed: Zhao, Chao, Chiu, Chew, Chieu, Chu + sub "郑" "Zheng" # STC 6774; as printed: Zheng, Cheng, Chung + sub "蔡" "Cai" # STC 5591; as printed: Cai, Tsai, Choi, Chua, Chai, Chye, Choy + sub "蒋" "Jiang" # STC 5592; as printed: Jiang, Chiang + sub "黎" "Li" # STC 7812; as printed: Li, Lai + sub "刘" "Liu" # STC 0491; as printed: Liu, Lau + sub "骆" "Luo" # STC 7482 + sub "阎" "Yan" # STC 7051 + sub "欧" "Ou" # STC 2962; as printed: Ou, Au + sub "赖" "Lai" # STC 6351 + sub "霍" "Huo" # STC 7202; as printed: Huo, Fuo + sub "卢" "Lu" # STC 4151; as printed: Lu, Loh, Low + sub "钱" "Qian" # STC 6929; as printed: Qian, Chian, Chin + sub "萧" "Xiao" # STC 5618; as printed: Xiao, Siu, Siew, Seow, Hsiao + sub "韩" "Han" # STC 7281; as printed: Han, Hon + sub "龙" "Long" # STC 7893; as printed: Long, Lung + sub "魏" "Wei" # STC 7614; as printed: Wei, Ngai + sub "谢" "Xie" # STC 6200; as printed: Xie, Tsia, Che, She, Tse, Tze, Hsieh + sub "薛" "Xue" # STC 5641 + sub "戴" "Dai" # STC 1601; as printed: Dai, Tai + sub "聂" "Nie" # STC 5119; as printed: Nie, Ni, Nye, Ny + sub "谭" "Tan" # STC 6223; as printed: Tan, Tam + sub "罗" "Luo" # STC 5012; as printed: Luo, Law + sub "苏" "Su" # STC 5685; as printed: Su, Soo, So + sub "锺" "Zhong" # STC 6945; as printed: Zhong, Chong + sub "关" "Guan" # STC 7070; as printed: Guan, Kwan, Kuan, Kwuan, Quan + sub "顾" "Gu" # STC 7357; as printed: Gu, Ku + sub "龚" "Gong" # STC 7895 + sub "栾" "Luan" # STC 2940 + + # The umlaut (ü), as in Lü and Nü, should not be used: the standard + # uses u for the ü character (main text; Appendix A cells Lu, Lue, + # Nu, Nue). + sub "ü" "u" + # No apostrophe (’) should be used between syllables; other + # forensic information disambiguates instead (criterion f, para 14). + sub "’" "" + sub "'" "" + } + + # POSTRULES + # Capitalize the first letter of each name part (criterion b): the + # surname and the given-name block are each capitalized, the rest of + # the letters stay lower case. Word boundaries include the space + # between surname and given name and the hyphen of the married double + # surname (both surnames capitalized). The set is spelled out in + # single characters: only the lower case ASCII letters carry case. + sub { + from any("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") + to upcase + before boundary + not_before boundary + any("‘’'") + } + sub { + from any("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") + to upcase + before boundary + any("‘’'") + } +} +} diff --git a/tools/extract-ics-630-01-annexd.py b/tools/extract-ics-630-01-annexd.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..05a4145 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/extract-ics-630-01-annexd.py @@ -0,0 +1,244 @@ +"""Extract ICS 630-01 Annex D (Chinese Personal Names) data tables. + +Sources (interscript-private-references/ics-630-01/): + - "ANNEX D - Chinese_Personal_Names_FLTS.pdf" (Annex D prose, D-1..D-3) + - "ANNEX D - Appendix A - Chinese_Personal_Names_FLTS (U).pdf" (IC Transliteration Table, D-4) + - "ANNEX D - Appendix B - Chinese_Personal_Names_FLTS (U).pdf" (Conversion Table, D-5..D-18) + - "ANNEX D - Appendix C - Chinese_Personal_Names_FLTS (U).pdf" (Common Surnames, D-19..D-22) + +Extraction methods, per section: + - Annex D prose: pypdf text layer (all 3 pages). + - Appendix A: pdfplumber table grid (single table, 40 cols x 50 rows incl. + separator rows), text layer; header row + 25 initial rows. + Spot-checked visually against a 600 dpi render of the same + page (two "i" header columns, "Wong" cell, w- row). + - Appendix B: pypdf text layer, one row per line + "ic wadegiles yale zhuyin", all 14 pages. + - Appendix C: pypdf text layer, regex per entry line + " [, alternates]", all 4 pages; + spot-checked visually against a 300 dpi render. + +Output: tools/ics-630-01-annexd.json +""" +import json +import re +import sys +from pathlib import Path + +import pdfplumber +from pypdf import PdfReader + +SRC_DIR = Path( + sys.argv[1] + if len(sys.argv) > 1 + else "/Users/mulgogi/src/interscript/interscript-private-references/ics-630-01" +) +OUT = Path(__file__).with_name("ics-630-01-annexd.json") + +ANNEX_D = SRC_DIR / "ANNEX D - Chinese_Personal_Names_FLTS.pdf" +APP_A = SRC_DIR / "ANNEX D - Appendix A - Chinese_Personal_Names_FLTS (U).pdf" +APP_B = SRC_DIR / "ANNEX D - Appendix B - Chinese_Personal_Names_FLTS (U).pdf" +APP_C = SRC_DIR / "ANNEX D - Appendix C - Chinese_Personal_Names_FLTS (U).pdf" + +# Appendix A column headers, as printed (39 final columns; note cols 4 and 5 +# are BOTH printed "i", and cols 34/35 "uen"/"ueng" carry no cells in any row). +# Cells of the z/c/s/y rows sit under the first i column; zh/ch/sh/r under the +# second. For the l- and n- rows the printed "yu"/"ue" columns carry the +# umlauted syllables lü/lüe/nü/nüe (the IC standard folds ü to u). + + +def extract_appendix_a(): + pdf = pdfplumber.open(APP_A) + page = pdf.pages[0] + grid = page.find_tables()[0].extract() + header = grid[0][1:] # 39 final labels, first printed label is None-free "" + rows = {} + for row in grid: + label = row[0] + if not label or label.strip() == "": + continue + rows[label.strip()] = { + str(i + 1): (cell if cell is not None else "") + for i, cell in enumerate(row[1:]) + if cell not in ("", None) + } + return header, rows + + +# For each (initial row, printed final column) pair, the pinyin orthographic +# input syllable. Initial prefixes come from the row labels ("-","b-",...). +# Special cases: the second "i" column of the zh/ch/sh/r rows is still the +# syllable spelled with "i" (zhi/chi/shi/ri); the l-/n- ü-columns are spelled +# with ü (lü, lüe, nü, nüe); the y-/w- rows carry the full syllable as printed +# in the cell (you, weng, wong, ...). + + +def cell_input_syllable(initial, col_no, final, ic): + if initial == "-": + return ic.lower() + if initial in ("y-", "w-"): + return ic.lower() + stem = initial[:-1] # "ch-" -> "ch" + # umlaut columns for l and n: pinyin writes lü/lüe/nü/nüe + if stem in ("l", "n") and col_no in ("36", "37"): + uml = {"36": "ü", "37": "üe"}[col_no] + return stem + uml + # column 36 is printed "yu": after j/q/x the ü of ju/qu/xu is written u + if stem in ("j", "q", "x") and col_no == "36": + return stem + "u" + return stem + final + + +def build_appendix_a(header, rows): + cells = [] + for initial, colmap in rows.items(): + for col_no, ic in sorted(colmap.items(), key=lambda kv: int(kv[0])): + if initial == "-": + cells.append( + { + "initial": initial, + "final": header[int(col_no) - 1], + "input": ic.lower(), + "ic": ic, + } + ) + continue + final = header[int(col_no) - 1] + cells.append( + { + "initial": initial, + "final": final, + "input": cell_input_syllable(initial, col_no, final, ic), + "ic": ic, + } + ) + return cells + + +def extract_appendix_b(): + reader = PdfReader(str(APP_B)) + rows = [] + pat = re.compile(r"^([a-z]+) ([a-zA-Zü‘’']+) ([a-zA-Zü']+) ([ㄅ-ㄩ]+)$") + for page in reader.pages: + for line in (page.extract_text() or "").splitlines(): + line = line.strip() + m = pat.match(line) + if m: + rows.append( + { + "ic": m.group(1), + "wade_giles": m.group(2), + "yale": m.group(3), + "zhuyin": m.group(4), + } + ) + return rows + + +def extract_appendix_c(): + reader = PdfReader(str(APP_C)) + entries = [] + # char, STC code, renditions (IC first, alternates after commas) + pat = re.compile(r"^(\S) (\d{4}) (.+?)\s*$") + for pageno, page in enumerate(reader.pages, start=1): + for line in (page.extract_text() or "").splitlines(): + line = line.strip() + m = pat.match(line) + if not m: + continue + char, stc, rend = m.group(1), m.group(2), m.group(3) + parts = [p.strip() for p in rend.split(",")] + entries.append( + { + "char": char, + "stc": stc, + "ic": parts[0], + "alternates": parts[1:], + "page": pageno, + } + ) + return entries + + +def main(): + header, rows = extract_appendix_a() + cells = build_appendix_a(header, rows) + appb = extract_appendix_b() + appc = extract_appendix_c() + + data = { + "source": "ICS 630-01, Foreign Language Transliteration Standards, " + "Annex D: Standards for the Transliteration of Chinese Personal " + "Names in Written Reports and Products (effective 10 August 2015)", + "cover_memo": { + "extraction_method": "single scanned page, no text layer; " + "transcribed from a 200 dpi render (visual read)", + "title": "Foreign Language Transliteration Standards", + "standard": "Intelligence Community Standard 630-01", + "authority": "National Security Act of 1947, as amended; the " + "Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004; Executive Order " + "12333, as amended; and IC Directive Number 607, Intelligence " + "Community Foreign Language Capability", + "policy": "Standardized transliteration within the IC on all " + "finished analytical reports and products. Foreign Language " + "Transliteration Standards (FLTS) for individual languages " + "are developed and reviewed by each IC element's Senior " + "Language Authority (SLA), promulgated as annexes titled " + "'Standards for the Transliteration of Personal Names in " + "Written Reports and Products'.", + "approval": "ADNI, through the Foreign Language Program " + "Office (FLPO), and approved IC FLTS are issued as ICS " + "630-01; Heads of IC elements review and approve ICS 630-01 " + "within their respective IC element", + "effective": "10 August 2015 (date of signature, Deana A. " + "Krichter, ADNI for Human Capital)", + }, + "extraction": { + "annex_d_prose": "pypdf text layer, 3 pages, complete", + "appendix_a": "pdfplumber table grid (40x50 incl. separators) from " + "the text layer; spot-checked visually at 600 dpi (duplicate i/i " + "header columns, w- row 'Wong', y- row alignment)", + "appendix_b": "pypdf text layer, all 14 pages, one row per line", + "appendix_c": "pypdf text layer regex per entry; spot-checked " + "visually at 300 dpi", + }, + "appendix_a": { + "title": "Appendix A: IC Transliteration Table", + "note_as_printed": "Notes: this table includes initial-final " + "combinations to form acceptable Chinese syllables.", + "columns": header, + "rows": rows, + "cells": cells, + "cell_count": len(cells), + }, + "appendix_b": { + "title": "Appendix B: Conversion Table of Common Chinese " + "Romanization Systems", + "columns_as_printed": [ + "IC Transliteraion (Based on Pinyin)", + "Wade-Giles", + "Yale", + "Mandarin Phonetic (Zhuyin) Symbols", + ], + "rows": appb, + "row_count": len(appb), + }, + "appendix_c": { + "title": "Appendix C: List of Common Chinese Surnames", + "note_as_printed": "Chinese STC Transliteration per IC " + "(IC first, followed by other common renditions); partially " + "adapted from " + "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_Chinese_surnames", + "entries": appc, + "entry_count": len(appc), + }, + } + OUT.write_text(json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2) + "\n") + print(f"wrote {OUT}") + print(f"appendix A cells: {len(cells)}") + print(f"appendix B rows: {len(appb)}") + print(f"appendix C entries: {len(appc)}") + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main() diff --git a/tools/gen-ics-630-01-annexd.py b/tools/gen-ics-630-01-annexd.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7aca012 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/gen-ics-630-01-annexd.py @@ -0,0 +1,349 @@ +"""Generate odni-zho-Hani-Latn-2015.isc — ICS 630-01 Annex D (2015), +Standards for the Transliteration of Chinese Personal Names in Written +Reports and Products. + +Source data: tools/ics-630-01-annexd.json (extracted by +tools/extract-ics-630-01-annexd.py from the ICS 630-01 Annex D documents). + +The IC standard for Chinese personal names is Hanyu Pinyin with the +annex's modifications. The character-level data of the annex: + - Appendix C supplies hanzi -> IC transliteration for the common + surnames (116 printed entries, 115 distinct characters; 范 is + printed twice). + - The orthographic modifications of the main text and Appendix A that + are realizable at character level: the umlaut fold (the standard + "uses u for the ü character: Lu, Nu"), the apostrophe prohibition + (criterion f, paragraph 14), and word-initial capitalization + (criterion b), the latter applied through boundary postrules. +Appendix A (the syllable inventory, 411 cells) and Appendix B (the +cross-system conversion table, 397 rows) are recorded in the map notes +and preserved in full in the JSON artifact; neither adds a character +mapping beyond identity and the fold above. +""" +import json +from pathlib import Path + +HERE = Path(__file__).parent +data = json.loads((HERE / "ics-630-01-annexd.json").read_text()) + +entries = data["appendix_c"]["entries"] +assert len(entries) == 116, f"expected 116 printed entries, got {len(entries)}" +chars = [e["char"] for e in entries] +assert len(set(chars)) == 115, "expected 115 distinct surname characters" + +# dedupe by character (the duplicated 范 entries share the IC primary "Fan") +by_char = {} +for e in entries: + if e["char"] in by_char: + assert by_char[e["char"]]["ic"] == e["ic"], ( + f"conflicting IC primary for {e['char']}: " + f"{by_char[e['char']]['ic']} vs {e['ic']}" + ) + continue + by_char[e["char"]] = e +assert len(by_char) == 115 + +subs = [] +sub_index = {} # char -> position in subs +for e in entries: + alt = e["alternates"] + comment = f"# STC {e['stc']}" + if alt: + comment += "; as printed: " + e["ic"] + ", " + ", ".join(alt) + if e["char"] in sub_index: + earlier = entries[[x["char"] for x in entries].index(e["char"])] + merged = (f"# STC {e['stc']}; character printed twice in the list" + f" (both STC {earlier['stc']}); first entry as printed: " + f"{earlier['ic']}" + + (", " + ", ".join(earlier["alternates"]) + if earlier["alternates"] else "") + + f"; second entry as printed: {e['ic']}" + + (", " + ", ".join(alt) if alt else "")) + subs[sub_index[e["char"]]] = f' sub "{e["char"]}" "{e["ic"]}" {merged}' + continue + sub_index[e["char"]] = len(subs) + subs.append(f' sub "{e["char"]}" "{e["ic"]}" {comment}') + +assert len(subs) == 115, f"expected 115 rules, got {len(subs)}" + +# orthographic rules: umlaut fold (u for ü), apostrophe prohibition +rule_subs = [ + ' # The umlaut (ü), as in Lü and Nü, should not be used: the standard', + ' # uses u for the ü character (main text; Appendix A cells Lu, Lue,', + ' # Nu, Nue).', + ' sub "ü" "u"', + ' # No apostrophe (’) should be used between syllables; other', + ' # forensic information disambiguates instead (criterion f, para 14).', + ' sub "’" ""', + ' sub "\'" ""', +] + +# document examples (title case per name part; hyphen of the married +# double surname is retained and both surnames capitalized) +tests = [] +tests.append(("# Appendix C: List of Common Chinese Surnames — one test per" + " printed entry, IC primary form.", None)) +for e in entries: + tests.append((None, (e["char"], e["ic"], f"STC {e['stc']}"))) + +doc_tests = [ + ("lü", "Lu"), ("nü", "Nu"), # umlaut rule, as printed + ("lüe", "Lue"), ("nüe", "Nue"), # Appendix A cells + ("Lü Lin", "Lu Lin"), + ("xi’an", "Xian"), ("xi'an", "Xian"), # para 14 apostrophe prohibition + # Document examples, romanized input through the orthographic rules: + # criteria b (title case per name part), e (hyphen only for the + # married double surname), g (compound surname one capitalized word). + ("zhang wei", "Zhang Wei"), + ("hu jintao", "Hu Jintao"), + ("ouyang xiu", "Ouyang Xiu"), + ("zhou youguang", "Zhou Youguang"), + ("ouyang qianqing", "Ouyang Qianqing"), + ("ma yingjiu", "Ma Yingjiu"), # printed with STC 7456/5391/0036 + ("luo jiahui", "Luo Jiahui"), # printed with STC 7482/1367/6540 + ("huang haoran", "Huang Haoran"), # also seen as Wong Hoi-yin + ("chen-li meiling", "Chen-Li Meiling"), +] +tests.append(("# Umlaut fold and apostrophe rules (main text; Appendix A).", + None)) +for t in doc_tests[:7]: + tests.append((None, (t[0], t[1], None))) +tests.append(("# Document examples through the orthographic rules" + " (criteria b, e, g): Zhang Wei, Hu Jintao, Ouyang Xiu, Zhou" + " Youguang, Ouyang Qianqing, Ma Yingjiu (STC: 7456/5391/0036)," + " Luo Jiahui [IC Standard: Luo Jiahui, STC: 7482/1367/6540]," + " Huang Haoran (also Wong Hoi-yin), Chen-Li Meiling.", + None)) +for t in doc_tests[7:]: + tests.append((None, (t[0], t[1], None))) + +test_lines = [] +for comment, pair in tests: + if pair is None: + test_lines.append(f" {comment}") + continue + src, out, note = pair + if note: + test_lines.append(f' "{src}" -> "{out}" # {note}') + else: + test_lines.append(f' "{src}" -> "{out}"') +tests_block = "tests {\n" + "\n".join(test_lines) + "\n}\n" + +body = "\n".join(subs) + "\n\n" + "\n".join(rule_subs) + +postrules = ''' # POSTRULES + # Capitalize the first letter of each name part (criterion b): the + # surname and the given-name block are each capitalized, the rest of + # the letters stay lower case. Word boundaries include the space + # between surname and given name and the hyphen of the married double + # surname (both surnames capitalized). The set is spelled out in + # single characters: only the lower case ASCII letters carry case. + sub { + from any("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") + to upcase + before boundary + not_before boundary + any("‘’'") + } + sub { + from any("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") + to upcase + before boundary + any("‘’'") + } +''' + +out = f'''system "ODNI:zho-Hani:Latn:2015" {{ + +metadata {{ + authority_id odni + id 2015 + language iso-639-2:zho + source_script Hani + destination_script Latn + name ICS-630-01 Romanization of Chinese Personal Names (2015) + source ICS-630-01 Annex D + creation_date 2015 + confirmation_date 2015-08 + description {{ This system applies to personal names rendered in Modern Chinese as + represented in the Hanyu Pinyin Romanization System. It does not + apply to names that are represented in other systems or in + Romanization schemes or practices that are used to represent + personal names in Chinese dialects. + + The Intelligence Community (IC) standard for transliterating Chinese + personal names into English is the Hanyu Pinyin Romanization System + (or pinyin), officially known as the Scheme of the Chinese Phonetic + Alphabet (汉语拼音方案), with several modifications as specified in + this document (e.g., absence of umlauted ü, title case for + surnames). In 1982 the International Organization for + Standardization (ISO) codified the Hanyu Pinyin Romanization System + as ISO 7098, Information and Documentation – Romanization of Chinese + (Second Edition, 12-15-1991). + + The primary purpose for designating a singular system is to allow + for a consistent transcription of names that is specifically + readable to the English-speaking non-specialist. It is not intended + to be fully "reversible". Disambiguation should be accomplished by + providing additional information following best practices of the + issuing organization: the Unicode-encoded form of the original + Chinese characters, the original encoding scheme if other than + Unicode (e.g., Big5 or GB), whether traditional or simplified + characters were used, and Standard Telegraphic Code (标准电码) + representations (The Standard Telegraph Codebook, revised edition, + PRC Ministry of Post and Telecommunications) — e.g., Ma Yingjiu + (STC: 7456/5391/0036). Use simplified (or short form) characters as + the default; traditional (or long form) characters may be used for + non-Mainland persons. + + Personal names in Chinese should be transliterated into the IC + Standard in accordance with the following criteria: + + a. the surname (family name) should appear first, followed by the + given name + b. the surname should be separated from the given name and be + followed by the given name. The initial letter of each name + should be capitalized, with the rest in lower case letters + c. commas should not be placed between the surname and given name + d. syllables should not be separated in the given name + e. hyphens should not be used between any syllables (except as + noted in paragraph 12) + f. apostrophes should not be used between any syllables (see + paragraph 14 for details) + g. compound surnames should be capitalized with no space between + the characters + + Examples include Zhang Wei, Hu Jintao, Ouyang Xiu, Zhou Youguang, + and Ouyang Qianqing. If an official spelling of a name differs from + the IC Standard, it may be used throughout the document, with the + IC Standard spelling included where capabilities allow. + + When a married woman uses both her surname and her husband's + surname, both surnames are capitalized, but a hyphen should be used + to separate the surnames (e.g., Chen-Li Meiling; the first surname + is the husband's, the second the wife's maiden name). + + The umlaut (ü), as in Lü and Nü, should not be used. The standard + uses u for the ü character: Lu, Nu. No apostrophe (’) should be + used between syllables; other forensic information (e.g. original + Chinese characters, STC codes) should be used where necessary to + disambiguate syllable combinations. Any additional ambiguity should + be addressed in a Translator's Comment. + }} + + notes {{ + # Encoded transformation + note "This map encodes the character-level data of the annex: the + surname characters of Appendix C (List of Common Chinese Surnames, + 116 printed entries over 115 distinct characters), the umlaut fold + (u for ü), the apostrophe prohibition (criterion f, paragraph 14), + and word-initial capitalization of each name part (criterion b), + applied through boundary postrules. The name-formation rules + (criteria a, c, d, g) operate above the character level and are not + encoded. Given-name characters have no character mapping: the annex + provides no general hanzi-to-pinyin character table — its hanzi + data is the surname list of Appendix C only. Given names must + already be in pinyin orthography (the standard's stated domain) and + pass through the orthographic rules unchanged apart from the fold, + the apostrophe removal and the capitalization." + # Appendix A — IC Transliteration Table (D-4) + note "Appendix A is the IC syllable inventory: 411 initial-final + cells over 39 printed final columns and 25 initial rows (the + zero-initial row and b c ch d f g h j k l m n p q r s sh t w x y z + zh). Its cells print the IC syllable forms, title-cased; this map + realizes them through the word-initial capitalization postrule — + orthographically the cells are standard pinyin except the umlaut + columns (lü, lüe, nü, nüe printed as Lu, Lue, Nu, Nue) and the + anomalies recorded here, all as printed and none silently + corrected: the header prints two adjacent columns both labeled + 'i' — the cells of the z, c, s and y rows (Zi Ci Si Yi) sit under + the first and those of the zh, ch, sh and r rows (Zhi Chi Shi Ri) + under the second, distinguishing the two apical vowel readings of + the letter i; the w- row carries a 'Wong' cell under the ong column + alongside 'Weng' under eng — wong is not a standard pinyin syllable + (the dialectal surname form); the k- row carries 'Kei', which the + standard orthography does not list; the standard syllables wen + (present in Appendix B), nun, len and nia are absent from the + table, as are the interjection syllables (m, n, ng, hm, hng, fiao); + and the two printed columns 'uen' and 'ueng' carry no cells in any + row. The complete grid is preserved in + tools/ics-630-01-annexd.json (cells: initial, final, input syllable, + IC form)." + # Appendix B — Conversion Table (D-5..D-18) + note "Appendix B is a Conversion Table of Common Chinese + Romanization Systems: 397 rows of IC (Based on Pinyin), Wade-Giles, + Yale and Mandarin Phonetic (Zhuyin) syllable correspondences. It is + a cross-romanization reference, outside the scope of a + Hani-to-Latin character map, and is preserved in full in + tools/ics-630-01-annexd.json. As printed it contradicts the + normative umlaut rule: its IC column spells lü, lüe, nü, nüe as + 'lyu', 'lue', 'nyu', 'nue' (Wade-Giles lü, lüeh, nü, nüeh), where + the main text and Appendix A prescribe Lu, Lue, Nu, Nue — the + normative forms are encoded here. Its bo row prints the Zhuyin cell + ㄅㄠㄛ where the standard spelling is ㄅㄛ. It additionally + contains wen and yai rows absent from Appendix A, and omits the + Appendix A cells chua, dei, den, dia, ei, eng, kei, lia, lo, me, o, + rua, shei, tei, wong, zhei and the umlaut spellings lü, lüe, nü, + nüe." + # Appendix C — anomalies + note "Appendix C anomalies, as printed: 范 appears twice, both + times with STC 5400 and the IC primary Fan (the second entry adds + the alternate Farn); the list prints the traditional forms 呂 (0712 + Lu), 萬 (5502 Wan) and 葉 (5509 Ye) alongside simplified forms, + although the main text directs to use simplified characters as the + default — the characters are mapped exactly as printed; the 柯 cell + prints 'Ke, Ker, and Quah' with a literal 'and', which is preserved + in the rule comment. Each rule comment carries the entry's Standard + Telegraphic Code (标准电码) and the non-IC alternate renditions + printed after the IC form; the alternates are other common + renditions, not IC Standard outputs, and do not participate in the + mapping." + # Main-text rules outside the character mapping + note "Main-text rules recorded but not encoded: persons who have + adopted English names give the English name first (David Dai Ho, + Elaine L. Chao, Gary F. Locke — IC Standard Luo Jiahui, STC + 7482/1367/6540); variant spellings are retained in parentheses + (Huang Haoran, also seen as Wong Hoi-yin and Raymond Wong); an + official spelling may override the IC Standard spelling; residual + ambiguity (nicknames, former married names) is addressed in a + Translator's Comment." + # Parent standard memo (ICS 630-01 cover) + note "The annex is issued under ICS 630-01, Foreign Language + Transliteration Standards (Intelligence Community Standard + 630-01): transliteration is standardized within the IC on all + finished analytical reports and products; FLTS for individual + languages are developed and reviewed by each IC element's Senior + Language Authority, promulgated as annexes titled Standards for + the Transliteration of Personal Names in Written Reports and + Products, issued by the ADNI through the Foreign Language Program + Office. The standard is effective 10 August 2015, the date of + signature (Deana A. Krichter, ADNI for Human Capital)." + }} +}} + +{tests_block} +stage main {{ + parallel {{ + # APPENDIX C — List of Common Chinese Surnames (D-19..D-22) + # Each rule: character -> IC transliteration; comment carries the + # printed STC code and the non-IC alternate renditions. +{body} + }} + +{postrules}}} +}} +''' + +# hard lessons: brace balance, single final newline +assert out.count("{") == out.count("}"), ( + f"brace mismatch: {{={out.count('{')} }}={out.count('}')}" +) +if not out.endswith("\n"): + out += "\n" +assert out.endswith("\n") and not out.endswith("\n\n"), ( + "map must end with exactly one trailing newline" +) + +dest = HERE.parent / "maps" / "odni-zho-Hani-Latn-2015.isc" +dest.write_text(out, encoding="utf-8") +print(f"wrote {dest}") +print(f"rules: {len(subs)} surname + 3 orthographic; tests: " + f"{sum(1 for c, p in tests if p is not None)}") diff --git a/tools/ics-630-01-annexd.json b/tools/ics-630-01-annexd.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4ed8f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/ics-630-01-annexd.json @@ -0,0 +1,6507 @@ +{ + "source": "ICS 630-01, Foreign Language Transliteration Standards, Annex D: Standards for the Transliteration of Chinese Personal Names in Written Reports and Products (effective 10 August 2015)", + "cover_memo": { + "extraction_method": "single scanned page, no text layer; transcribed from a 200 dpi render (visual read)", + "title": "Foreign Language Transliteration Standards", + "standard": "Intelligence Community Standard 630-01", + "authority": "National Security Act of 1947, as amended; the Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004; Executive Order 12333, as amended; and IC Directive Number 607, Intelligence Community Foreign Language Capability", + "policy": "Standardized transliteration within the IC on all finished analytical reports and products. Foreign Language Transliteration Standards (FLTS) for individual languages are developed and reviewed by each IC element's Senior Language Authority (SLA), promulgated as annexes titled 'Standards for the Transliteration of Personal Names in Written Reports and Products'.", + "approval": "ADNI, through the Foreign Language Program Office (FLPO), and approved IC FLTS are issued as ICS 630-01; Heads of IC elements review and approve ICS 630-01 within their respective IC element", + "effective": "10 August 2015 (date of signature, Deana A. Krichter, ADNI for Human Capital)" + }, + "extraction": { + "annex_d_prose": "pypdf text layer, 3 pages, complete", + "appendix_a": "pdfplumber table grid (40x50 incl. separators) from the text layer; spot-checked visually at 600 dpi (duplicate i/i header columns, w- row 'Wong', y- row alignment)", + "appendix_b": "pypdf text layer, all 14 pages, one row per line", + "appendix_c": "pypdf text layer regex per entry; spot-checked visually at 300 dpi" + }, + "appendix_a": { + "title": "Appendix A: IC Transliteration Table", + "note_as_printed": "Notes: this table includes initial-final combinations to form acceptable Chinese syllables.", + "columns": [ + "a", + "o", + "e", + "i", + "i", + "ai", + "ei", + "ou", + "ao", + "an", + "en", + "ang", + "eng", + "ong", + "er", + "i", + "ia", + "iao", + "ie", + "iu", + "ian", + "iang", + "in", + "ing", + "iong", + "u", + "ua", + "uo", + "uai", + "ui", + "uan", + "un", + "uang", + "uen", + "ueng", + "yu", + "ue", + "uan", + "un" + ], + "rows": { + "-": { + "1": "a", + "2": "o", + "3": "e", + "6": "ai", + "7": "ei", + "8": "ou", + "9": "ao", + "10": "an", + "11": "en", + "12": "ang", + "13": "eng", + "15": "er" + }, + "b-": { + "1": "Ba", + "2": "Bo", + "6": "Bai", + "7": "Bei", + "9": "Bao", + "10": "Ban", + "11": "Ben", + "12": "Bang", + "13": "Beng", + "16": "Bi", + "18": "Biao", + "19": "Bie", + "21": "Bian", + "23": "Bin", + "24": "Bing", + "26": "Bu" + }, + "c-": { + "1": "Ca", + "3": "Ce", + "4": "Ci", + "6": "Cai", + "8": "Cou", + "9": "Cao", + "10": "Can", + "11": "Cen", + "12": "Cang", + "13": "Ceng", + "14": "Cong", + "26": "Cu", + "28": "Cuo", + "30": "Cui", + "31": "Cuan", + "32": "Cun" + }, + "ch-": { + "1": "Cha", + "3": "Che", + "5": "Chi", + "6": "Chai", + "8": "Chou", + "9": "Chao", + "10": "Chan", + "11": "Chen", + "12": "Chang", + "13": "Cheng", + "14": "Chong", + "26": "Chu", + "27": "Chua", + "28": "Chuo", + "29": "Chuai", + "30": "Chui", + "31": "Chuan", + "32": "Chun", + "33": "Chuang" + }, + "d-": { + "1": "Da", + "3": "De", + "6": "Dai", + "7": "Dei", + "8": "Dou", + "9": "Dao", + "10": "Dan", + "11": "Den", + "12": "Dang", + "13": "Deng", + "14": "Dong", + "16": "Di", + "17": "Dia", + "18": "Diao", + "19": "Die", + "20": "Diu", + "21": "Dian", + "24": "Ding", + "26": "Du", + "28": "Duo", + "30": "Dui", + "31": "Duan", + "32": "Dun" + }, + "f-": { + "1": "Fa", + "2": "Fo", + "7": "Fei", + "8": "Fou", + "10": "Fan", + "11": "Fen", + "12": "Fang", + "13": "Feng", + "26": "Fu" + }, + "g-": { + "1": "Ga", + "3": "Ge", + "6": "Gai", + "7": "Gei", + "8": "Gou", + "9": "Gao", + "10": "Gan", + "11": "Gen", + "12": "Gang", + "13": "Geng", + "14": "Gong", + "26": "Gu", + "27": "Gua", + "28": "Guo", + "29": "Guai", + "30": "Gui", + "31": "Guan", + "32": "Gun", + "33": "Guang" + }, + "h-": { + "1": "Ha", + "3": "He", + "6": "Hai", + "7": "Hei", + "8": "Hou", + "9": "Hao", + "10": "Han", + "11": "Hen", + "12": "Hang", + "13": "Heng", + "14": "Hong", + "26": "Hu", + "27": "Hua", + "28": "Huo", + "29": "Huai", + "30": "Hui", + "31": "Huan", + "32": "Hun", + "33": "Huang" + }, + "j-": { + "16": "Ji", + "17": "Jia", + "18": "Jiao", + "19": "Jie", + "20": "Jiu", + "21": "Jian", + "22": "Jiang", + "23": "Jin", + "24": "Jing", + "25": "Jiong", + "36": "Ju", + "37": "Jue", + "38": "Juan", + "39": "Jun" + }, + "k-": { + "1": "Ka", + "3": "Ke", + "6": "Kai", + "7": "Kei", + "8": "Kou", + "9": "Kao", + "10": "Kan", + "11": "Ken", + "12": "Kang", + "13": "Keng", + "14": "Kong", + "26": "Ku", + "27": "Kua", + "28": "Kuo", + "29": "Kuai", + "30": "Kui", + "31": "Kuan", + "32": "Kun", + "33": "Kuang" + }, + "l-": { + "1": "La", + "2": "Lo", + "3": "Le", + "6": "Lai", + "7": "Lei", + "8": "Lou", + "9": "Lao", + "10": "Lan", + "12": "Lang", + "13": "Leng", + "14": "Long", + "16": "Li", + "17": "Lia", + "18": "Liao", + "19": "Lie", + "20": "Liu", + "21": "Lian", + "22": "Liang", + "23": "Lin", + "24": "Ling", + "26": "Lu", + "28": "Luo", + "31": "Luan", + "32": "Lun", + "36": "Lu", + "37": "Lue" + }, + "m-": { + "1": "Ma", + "2": "Mo", + "3": "Me", + "6": "Mai", + "7": "Mei", + "8": "Mou", + "9": "Mao", + "10": "Man", + "11": "Men", + "12": "Mang", + "13": "Meng", + "16": "Mi", + "18": "Miao", + "19": "Mie", + "20": "Miu", + "21": "Mian", + "23": "Min", + "24": "Ming", + "26": "Mu" + }, + "n-": { + "1": "Na", + "3": "Ne", + "6": "Nai", + "7": "Nei", + "8": "Nou", + "9": "Nao", + "10": "Nan", + "11": "Nen", + "12": "Nang", + "13": "Neng", + "14": "Nong", + "16": "Ni", + "18": "Niao", + "19": "Nie", + "20": "Niu", + "21": "Nian", + "22": "Niang", + "23": "Nin", + "24": "Ning", + "26": "Nu", + "28": "Nuo", + "31": "Nuan", + "36": "Nu", + "37": "Nue" + }, + "p-": { + "1": "Pa", + "2": "Po", + "6": "Pai", + "7": "Pei", + "8": "Pou", + "9": "Pao", + "10": "Pan", + "11": "Pen", + "12": "Pang", + "13": "Peng", + "16": "Pi", + "18": "Piao", + "19": "Pie", + "21": "Pian", + "23": "Pin", + "24": "Ping", + "26": "Pu" + }, + "q-": { + "16": "Qi", + "17": "Qia", + "18": "Qiao", + "19": "Qie", + "20": "Qiu", + "21": "Qian", + "22": "Qiang", + "23": "Qin", + "24": "Qing", + "25": "Qiong", + "36": "Qu", + "37": "Que", + "38": "Quan", + "39": "Qun" + }, + "r-": { + "3": "Re", + "5": "Ri", + "8": "Rou", + "9": "Rao", + "10": "Ran", + "11": "Ren", + "12": "Rang", + "13": "Reng", + "14": "Rong", + "26": "Ru", + "27": "Rua", + "28": "Ruo", + "30": "Rui", + "31": "Ruan", + "32": "Run" + }, + "s-": { + "1": "Sa", + "3": "Se", + "4": "Si", + "6": "Sai", + "8": "Sou", + "9": "Sao", + "10": "San", + "11": "Sen", + "12": "Sang", + "13": "Seng", + "14": "Song", + "26": "Su", + "28": "Suo", + "30": "Sui", + "31": "Suan", + "32": "Sun" + }, + "sh-": { + "1": "Sha", + "3": "She", + "5": "Shi", + "6": "Shai", + "7": "Shei", + "8": "Shou", + "9": "Shao", + "10": "Shan", + "11": "Shen", + "12": "Shang", + "13": "Sheng", + "26": "Shu", + "27": "Shua", + "28": "Shuo", + "29": "Shuai", + "30": "Shui", + "31": "Shuan", + "32": "Shun", + "33": "Shuang" + }, + "t-": { + "1": "Ta", + "3": "Te", + "6": "Tai", + "7": "Tei", + "8": "Tou", + "9": "Tao", + "10": "Tan", + "12": "Tang", + "13": "Teng", + "14": "Tong", + "16": "Ti", + "18": "Tiao", + "19": "Tie", + "21": "Tian", + "24": "Ting", + "26": "Tu", + "28": "Tuo", + "30": "Tui", + "31": "Tuan", + "32": "Tun" + }, + "w-": { + "1": "Wa", + "2": "Wo", + "6": "Wai", + "7": "Wei", + "10": "Wan", + "12": "Wang", + "13": "Weng", + "14": "Wong", + "26": "Wu" + }, + "x-": { + "16": "Xi", + "17": "Xia", + "18": "Xiao", + "19": "Xie", + "20": "Xiu", + "21": "Xian", + "22": "Xiang", + "23": "Xin", + "24": "Xing", + "25": "Xiong", + "36": "Xu", + "37": "Xue", + "38": "Xuan", + "39": "Xun" + }, + "y-": { + "1": "Ya", + "2": "Yo", + "3": "Ye", + "4": "Yi", + "8": "You", + "9": "Yao", + "10": "Yan", + "12": "Yang", + "14": "Yong", + "23": "Yin", + "24": "Ying", + "36": "Yu", + "37": "Yue", + "38": "Yuan", + "39": "Yun" + }, + "z-": { + "1": "Za", + "3": "Ze", + "4": "Zi", + "6": "Zai", + "7": "Zei", + "8": "Zou", + "9": "Zao", + "10": "Zan", + "11": "Zen", + "12": "Zang", + "13": "Zeng", + "14": "Zong", + "26": "Zu", + "28": "Zuo", + "30": "Zui", + "31": "Zuan", + "32": "Zun" + }, + "zh-": { + "1": "Zha", + "3": "Zhe", + "5": "Zhi", + "6": "Zhai", + "7": "Zhei", + "8": "Zhou", + "9": "Zhao", + "10": "Zhan", + "11": "Zhen", + "12": "Zhang", + "13": "Zheng", + "14": "Zhong", + "26": "Zhu", + "27": "Zhua", + "28": "Zhuo", + "29": "Zhuai", + "30": "Zhui", + "31": "Zhuan", + "32": "Zhun", + "33": "Zhuang" + } + }, + "cells": [ + { + "initial": "-", + "final": "a", + "input": "a", + "ic": "a" + }, + { + "initial": "-", + "final": "o", + "input": "o", + "ic": "o" + }, + { + "initial": "-", + "final": "e", + "input": "e", + "ic": "e" + }, + { + "initial": "-", + "final": "ai", + "input": "ai", + "ic": "ai" + }, + { + "initial": "-", + "final": "ei", + "input": "ei", + "ic": "ei" + }, + { + "initial": "-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "ou", + "ic": "ou" + }, + { + "initial": "-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "ao", + "ic": "ao" + }, + { + "initial": "-", + "final": "an", + "input": "an", + "ic": "an" + }, + { + "initial": "-", + "final": "en", + "input": "en", + "ic": "en" + }, + { + "initial": "-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "ang", + "ic": "ang" + }, + { + "initial": "-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "eng", + "ic": "eng" + }, + { + "initial": "-", + "final": "er", + "input": "er", + "ic": "er" + }, + { + "initial": "b-", + "final": "a", + "input": "ba", + "ic": "Ba" + }, + { + "initial": "b-", + "final": "o", + "input": "bo", + "ic": "Bo" + }, + { + "initial": "b-", + "final": "ai", + "input": "bai", + "ic": "Bai" + }, + { + "initial": "b-", + "final": "ei", + "input": "bei", + "ic": "Bei" + }, + { + "initial": "b-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "bao", + "ic": "Bao" + }, + { + "initial": "b-", + "final": "an", + "input": "ban", + "ic": "Ban" + }, + { + "initial": "b-", + "final": "en", + "input": "ben", + "ic": "Ben" + }, + { + "initial": "b-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "bang", + "ic": "Bang" + }, + { + "initial": "b-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "beng", + "ic": "Beng" + }, + { + "initial": "b-", + "final": "i", + "input": "bi", + "ic": "Bi" + }, + { + "initial": "b-", + "final": "iao", + "input": "biao", + "ic": "Biao" + }, + { + "initial": "b-", + "final": "ie", + "input": "bie", + "ic": "Bie" + }, + { + "initial": "b-", + "final": "ian", + "input": "bian", + "ic": "Bian" + }, + { + "initial": "b-", + "final": "in", + "input": "bin", + "ic": "Bin" + }, + { + "initial": "b-", + "final": "ing", + "input": "bing", + "ic": "Bing" + }, + { + "initial": "b-", + "final": "u", + "input": "bu", + "ic": "Bu" + }, + { + "initial": "c-", + "final": "a", + "input": "ca", + "ic": "Ca" + }, + { + "initial": "c-", + "final": "e", + "input": "ce", + "ic": "Ce" + }, + { + "initial": "c-", + "final": "i", + "input": "ci", + "ic": "Ci" + }, + { + "initial": "c-", + "final": "ai", + "input": "cai", + "ic": "Cai" + }, + { + "initial": "c-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "cou", + "ic": "Cou" + }, + { + "initial": "c-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "cao", + "ic": "Cao" + }, + { + "initial": "c-", + "final": "an", + "input": "can", + "ic": "Can" + }, + { + "initial": "c-", + "final": "en", + "input": "cen", + "ic": "Cen" + }, + { + "initial": "c-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "cang", + "ic": "Cang" + }, + { + "initial": "c-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "ceng", + "ic": "Ceng" + }, + { + "initial": "c-", + "final": "ong", + "input": "cong", + "ic": "Cong" + }, + { + "initial": "c-", + "final": "u", + "input": "cu", + "ic": "Cu" + }, + { + "initial": "c-", + "final": "uo", + "input": "cuo", + "ic": "Cuo" + }, + { + "initial": "c-", + "final": "ui", + "input": "cui", + "ic": "Cui" + }, + { + "initial": "c-", + "final": "uan", + "input": "cuan", + "ic": "Cuan" + }, + { + "initial": "c-", + "final": "un", + "input": "cun", + "ic": "Cun" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "a", + "input": "cha", + "ic": "Cha" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "e", + "input": "che", + "ic": "Che" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "i", + "input": "chi", + "ic": "Chi" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "ai", + "input": "chai", + "ic": "Chai" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "chou", + "ic": "Chou" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "chao", + "ic": "Chao" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "an", + "input": "chan", + "ic": "Chan" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "en", + "input": "chen", + "ic": "Chen" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "chang", + "ic": "Chang" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "cheng", + "ic": "Cheng" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "ong", + "input": "chong", + "ic": "Chong" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "u", + "input": "chu", + "ic": "Chu" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "ua", + "input": "chua", + "ic": "Chua" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "uo", + "input": "chuo", + "ic": "Chuo" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "uai", + "input": "chuai", + "ic": "Chuai" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "ui", + "input": "chui", + "ic": "Chui" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "uan", + "input": "chuan", + "ic": "Chuan" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "un", + "input": "chun", + "ic": "Chun" + }, + { + "initial": "ch-", + "final": "uang", + "input": "chuang", + "ic": "Chuang" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "a", + "input": "da", + "ic": "Da" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "e", + "input": "de", + "ic": "De" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "ai", + "input": "dai", + "ic": "Dai" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "ei", + "input": "dei", + "ic": "Dei" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "dou", + "ic": "Dou" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "dao", + "ic": "Dao" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "an", + "input": "dan", + "ic": "Dan" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "en", + "input": "den", + "ic": "Den" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "dang", + "ic": "Dang" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "deng", + "ic": "Deng" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "ong", + "input": "dong", + "ic": "Dong" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "i", + "input": "di", + "ic": "Di" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "ia", + "input": "dia", + "ic": "Dia" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "iao", + "input": "diao", + "ic": "Diao" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "ie", + "input": "die", + "ic": "Die" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "iu", + "input": "diu", + "ic": "Diu" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "ian", + "input": "dian", + "ic": "Dian" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "ing", + "input": "ding", + "ic": "Ding" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "u", + "input": "du", + "ic": "Du" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "uo", + "input": "duo", + "ic": "Duo" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "ui", + "input": "dui", + "ic": "Dui" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "uan", + "input": "duan", + "ic": "Duan" + }, + { + "initial": "d-", + "final": "un", + "input": "dun", + "ic": "Dun" + }, + { + "initial": "f-", + "final": "a", + "input": "fa", + "ic": "Fa" + }, + { + "initial": "f-", + "final": "o", + "input": "fo", + "ic": "Fo" + }, + { + "initial": "f-", + "final": "ei", + "input": "fei", + "ic": "Fei" + }, + { + "initial": "f-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "fou", + "ic": "Fou" + }, + { + "initial": "f-", + "final": "an", + "input": "fan", + "ic": "Fan" + }, + { + "initial": "f-", + "final": "en", + "input": "fen", + "ic": "Fen" + }, + { + "initial": "f-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "fang", + "ic": "Fang" + }, + { + "initial": "f-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "feng", + "ic": "Feng" + }, + { + "initial": "f-", + "final": "u", + "input": "fu", + "ic": "Fu" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "a", + "input": "ga", + "ic": "Ga" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "e", + "input": "ge", + "ic": "Ge" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "ai", + "input": "gai", + "ic": "Gai" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "ei", + "input": "gei", + "ic": "Gei" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "gou", + "ic": "Gou" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "gao", + "ic": "Gao" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "an", + "input": "gan", + "ic": "Gan" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "en", + "input": "gen", + "ic": "Gen" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "gang", + "ic": "Gang" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "geng", + "ic": "Geng" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "ong", + "input": "gong", + "ic": "Gong" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "u", + "input": "gu", + "ic": "Gu" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "ua", + "input": "gua", + "ic": "Gua" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "uo", + "input": "guo", + "ic": "Guo" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "uai", + "input": "guai", + "ic": "Guai" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "ui", + "input": "gui", + "ic": "Gui" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "uan", + "input": "guan", + "ic": "Guan" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "un", + "input": "gun", + "ic": "Gun" + }, + { + "initial": "g-", + "final": "uang", + "input": "guang", + "ic": "Guang" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "a", + "input": "ha", + "ic": "Ha" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "e", + "input": "he", + "ic": "He" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "ai", + "input": "hai", + "ic": "Hai" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "ei", + "input": "hei", + "ic": "Hei" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "hou", + "ic": "Hou" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "hao", + "ic": "Hao" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "an", + "input": "han", + "ic": "Han" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "en", + "input": "hen", + "ic": "Hen" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "hang", + "ic": "Hang" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "heng", + "ic": "Heng" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "ong", + "input": "hong", + "ic": "Hong" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "u", + "input": "hu", + "ic": "Hu" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "ua", + "input": "hua", + "ic": "Hua" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "uo", + "input": "huo", + "ic": "Huo" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "uai", + "input": "huai", + "ic": "Huai" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "ui", + "input": "hui", + "ic": "Hui" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "uan", + "input": "huan", + "ic": "Huan" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "un", + "input": "hun", + "ic": "Hun" + }, + { + "initial": "h-", + "final": "uang", + "input": "huang", + "ic": "Huang" + }, + { + "initial": "j-", + "final": "i", + "input": "ji", + "ic": "Ji" + }, + { + "initial": "j-", + "final": "ia", + "input": "jia", + "ic": "Jia" + }, + { + "initial": "j-", + "final": "iao", + "input": "jiao", + "ic": "Jiao" + }, + { + "initial": "j-", + "final": "ie", + "input": "jie", + "ic": "Jie" + }, + { + "initial": "j-", + "final": "iu", + "input": "jiu", + "ic": "Jiu" + }, + { + "initial": "j-", + "final": "ian", + "input": "jian", + "ic": "Jian" + }, + { + "initial": "j-", + "final": "iang", + "input": "jiang", + "ic": "Jiang" + }, + { + "initial": "j-", + "final": "in", + "input": "jin", + "ic": "Jin" + }, + { + "initial": "j-", + "final": "ing", + "input": "jing", + "ic": "Jing" + }, + { + "initial": "j-", + "final": "iong", + "input": "jiong", + "ic": "Jiong" + }, + { + "initial": "j-", + "final": "yu", + "input": "ju", + "ic": "Ju" + }, + { + "initial": "j-", + "final": "ue", + "input": "jue", + "ic": "Jue" + }, + { + "initial": "j-", + "final": "uan", + "input": "juan", + "ic": "Juan" + }, + { + "initial": "j-", + "final": "un", + "input": "jun", + "ic": "Jun" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "a", + "input": "ka", + "ic": "Ka" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "e", + "input": "ke", + "ic": "Ke" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "ai", + "input": "kai", + "ic": "Kai" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "ei", + "input": "kei", + "ic": "Kei" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "kou", + "ic": "Kou" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "kao", + "ic": "Kao" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "an", + "input": "kan", + "ic": "Kan" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "en", + "input": "ken", + "ic": "Ken" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "kang", + "ic": "Kang" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "keng", + "ic": "Keng" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "ong", + "input": "kong", + "ic": "Kong" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "u", + "input": "ku", + "ic": "Ku" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "ua", + "input": "kua", + "ic": "Kua" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "uo", + "input": "kuo", + "ic": "Kuo" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "uai", + "input": "kuai", + "ic": "Kuai" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "ui", + "input": "kui", + "ic": "Kui" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "uan", + "input": "kuan", + "ic": "Kuan" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "un", + "input": "kun", + "ic": "Kun" + }, + { + "initial": "k-", + "final": "uang", + "input": "kuang", + "ic": "Kuang" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "a", + "input": "la", + "ic": "La" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "o", + "input": "lo", + "ic": "Lo" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "e", + "input": "le", + "ic": "Le" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "ai", + "input": "lai", + "ic": "Lai" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "ei", + "input": "lei", + "ic": "Lei" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "lou", + "ic": "Lou" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "lao", + "ic": "Lao" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "an", + "input": "lan", + "ic": "Lan" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "lang", + "ic": "Lang" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "leng", + "ic": "Leng" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "ong", + "input": "long", + "ic": "Long" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "i", + "input": "li", + "ic": "Li" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "ia", + "input": "lia", + "ic": "Lia" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "iao", + "input": "liao", + "ic": "Liao" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "ie", + "input": "lie", + "ic": "Lie" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "iu", + "input": "liu", + "ic": "Liu" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "ian", + "input": "lian", + "ic": "Lian" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "iang", + "input": "liang", + "ic": "Liang" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "in", + "input": "lin", + "ic": "Lin" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "ing", + "input": "ling", + "ic": "Ling" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "u", + "input": "lu", + "ic": "Lu" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "uo", + "input": "luo", + "ic": "Luo" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "uan", + "input": "luan", + "ic": "Luan" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "un", + "input": "lun", + "ic": "Lun" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "yu", + "input": "lü", + "ic": "Lu" + }, + { + "initial": "l-", + "final": "ue", + "input": "lüe", + "ic": "Lue" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "a", + "input": "ma", + "ic": "Ma" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "o", + "input": "mo", + "ic": "Mo" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "e", + "input": "me", + "ic": "Me" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "ai", + "input": "mai", + "ic": "Mai" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "ei", + "input": "mei", + "ic": "Mei" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "mou", + "ic": "Mou" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "mao", + "ic": "Mao" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "an", + "input": "man", + "ic": "Man" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "en", + "input": "men", + "ic": "Men" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "mang", + "ic": "Mang" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "meng", + "ic": "Meng" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "i", + "input": "mi", + "ic": "Mi" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "iao", + "input": "miao", + "ic": "Miao" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "ie", + "input": "mie", + "ic": "Mie" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "iu", + "input": "miu", + "ic": "Miu" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "ian", + "input": "mian", + "ic": "Mian" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "in", + "input": "min", + "ic": "Min" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "ing", + "input": "ming", + "ic": "Ming" + }, + { + "initial": "m-", + "final": "u", + "input": "mu", + "ic": "Mu" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "a", + "input": "na", + "ic": "Na" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "e", + "input": "ne", + "ic": "Ne" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "ai", + "input": "nai", + "ic": "Nai" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "ei", + "input": "nei", + "ic": "Nei" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "nou", + "ic": "Nou" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "nao", + "ic": "Nao" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "an", + "input": "nan", + "ic": "Nan" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "en", + "input": "nen", + "ic": "Nen" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "nang", + "ic": "Nang" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "neng", + "ic": "Neng" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "ong", + "input": "nong", + "ic": "Nong" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "i", + "input": "ni", + "ic": "Ni" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "iao", + "input": "niao", + "ic": "Niao" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "ie", + "input": "nie", + "ic": "Nie" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "iu", + "input": "niu", + "ic": "Niu" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "ian", + "input": "nian", + "ic": "Nian" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "iang", + "input": "niang", + "ic": "Niang" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "in", + "input": "nin", + "ic": "Nin" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "ing", + "input": "ning", + "ic": "Ning" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "u", + "input": "nu", + "ic": "Nu" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "uo", + "input": "nuo", + "ic": "Nuo" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "uan", + "input": "nuan", + "ic": "Nuan" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "yu", + "input": "nü", + "ic": "Nu" + }, + { + "initial": "n-", + "final": "ue", + "input": "nüe", + "ic": "Nue" + }, + { + "initial": "p-", + "final": "a", + "input": "pa", + "ic": "Pa" + }, + { + "initial": "p-", + "final": "o", + "input": "po", + "ic": "Po" + }, + { + "initial": "p-", + "final": "ai", + "input": "pai", + "ic": "Pai" + }, + { + "initial": "p-", + "final": "ei", + "input": "pei", + "ic": "Pei" + }, + { + "initial": "p-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "pou", + "ic": "Pou" + }, + { + "initial": "p-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "pao", + "ic": "Pao" + }, + { + "initial": "p-", + "final": "an", + "input": "pan", + "ic": "Pan" + }, + { + "initial": "p-", + "final": "en", + "input": "pen", + "ic": "Pen" + }, + { + "initial": "p-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "pang", + "ic": "Pang" + }, + { + "initial": "p-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "peng", + "ic": "Peng" + }, + { + "initial": "p-", + "final": "i", + "input": "pi", + "ic": "Pi" + }, + { + "initial": "p-", + "final": "iao", + "input": "piao", + "ic": "Piao" + }, + { + "initial": "p-", + "final": "ie", + "input": "pie", + "ic": "Pie" + }, + { + "initial": "p-", + "final": "ian", + "input": "pian", + "ic": "Pian" + }, + { + "initial": "p-", + "final": "in", + "input": "pin", + "ic": "Pin" + }, + { + "initial": "p-", + "final": "ing", + "input": "ping", + "ic": "Ping" + }, + { + "initial": "p-", + "final": "u", + "input": "pu", + "ic": "Pu" + }, + { + "initial": "q-", + "final": "i", + "input": "qi", + "ic": "Qi" + }, + { + "initial": "q-", + "final": "ia", + "input": "qia", + "ic": "Qia" + }, + { + "initial": "q-", + "final": "iao", + "input": "qiao", + "ic": "Qiao" + }, + { + "initial": "q-", + "final": "ie", + "input": "qie", + "ic": "Qie" + }, + { + "initial": "q-", + "final": "iu", + "input": "qiu", + "ic": "Qiu" + }, + { + "initial": "q-", + "final": "ian", + "input": "qian", + "ic": "Qian" + }, + { + "initial": "q-", + "final": "iang", + "input": "qiang", + "ic": "Qiang" + }, + { + "initial": "q-", + "final": "in", + "input": "qin", + "ic": "Qin" + }, + { + "initial": "q-", + "final": "ing", + "input": "qing", + "ic": "Qing" + }, + { + "initial": "q-", + "final": "iong", + "input": "qiong", + "ic": "Qiong" + }, + { + "initial": "q-", + "final": "yu", + "input": "qu", + "ic": "Qu" + }, + { + "initial": "q-", + "final": "ue", + "input": "que", + "ic": "Que" + }, + { + "initial": "q-", + "final": "uan", + "input": "quan", + "ic": "Quan" + }, + { + "initial": "q-", + "final": "un", + "input": "qun", + "ic": "Qun" + }, + { + "initial": "r-", + "final": "e", + "input": "re", + "ic": "Re" + }, + { + "initial": "r-", + "final": "i", + "input": "ri", + "ic": "Ri" + }, + { + "initial": "r-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "rou", + "ic": "Rou" + }, + { + "initial": "r-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "rao", + "ic": "Rao" + }, + { + "initial": "r-", + "final": "an", + "input": "ran", + "ic": "Ran" + }, + { + "initial": "r-", + "final": "en", + "input": "ren", + "ic": "Ren" + }, + { + "initial": "r-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "rang", + "ic": "Rang" + }, + { + "initial": "r-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "reng", + "ic": "Reng" + }, + { + "initial": "r-", + "final": "ong", + "input": "rong", + "ic": "Rong" + }, + { + "initial": "r-", + "final": "u", + "input": "ru", + "ic": "Ru" + }, + { + "initial": "r-", + "final": "ua", + "input": "rua", + "ic": "Rua" + }, + { + "initial": "r-", + "final": "uo", + "input": "ruo", + "ic": "Ruo" + }, + { + "initial": "r-", + "final": "ui", + "input": "rui", + "ic": "Rui" + }, + { + "initial": "r-", + "final": "uan", + "input": "ruan", + "ic": "Ruan" + }, + { + "initial": "r-", + "final": "un", + "input": "run", + "ic": "Run" + }, + { + "initial": "s-", + "final": "a", + "input": "sa", + "ic": "Sa" + }, + { + "initial": "s-", + "final": "e", + "input": "se", + "ic": "Se" + }, + { + "initial": "s-", + "final": "i", + "input": "si", + "ic": "Si" + }, + { + "initial": "s-", + "final": "ai", + "input": "sai", + "ic": "Sai" + }, + { + "initial": "s-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "sou", + "ic": "Sou" + }, + { + "initial": "s-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "sao", + "ic": "Sao" + }, + { + "initial": "s-", + "final": "an", + "input": "san", + "ic": "San" + }, + { + "initial": "s-", + "final": "en", + "input": "sen", + "ic": "Sen" + }, + { + "initial": "s-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "sang", + "ic": "Sang" + }, + { + "initial": "s-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "seng", + "ic": "Seng" + }, + { + "initial": "s-", + "final": "ong", + "input": "song", + "ic": "Song" + }, + { + "initial": "s-", + "final": "u", + "input": "su", + "ic": "Su" + }, + { + "initial": "s-", + "final": "uo", + "input": "suo", + "ic": "Suo" + }, + { + "initial": "s-", + "final": "ui", + "input": "sui", + "ic": "Sui" + }, + { + "initial": "s-", + "final": "uan", + "input": "suan", + "ic": "Suan" + }, + { + "initial": "s-", + "final": "un", + "input": "sun", + "ic": "Sun" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "a", + "input": "sha", + "ic": "Sha" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "e", + "input": "she", + "ic": "She" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "i", + "input": "shi", + "ic": "Shi" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "ai", + "input": "shai", + "ic": "Shai" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "ei", + "input": "shei", + "ic": "Shei" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "shou", + "ic": "Shou" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "shao", + "ic": "Shao" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "an", + "input": "shan", + "ic": "Shan" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "en", + "input": "shen", + "ic": "Shen" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "shang", + "ic": "Shang" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "sheng", + "ic": "Sheng" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "u", + "input": "shu", + "ic": "Shu" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "ua", + "input": "shua", + "ic": "Shua" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "uo", + "input": "shuo", + "ic": "Shuo" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "uai", + "input": "shuai", + "ic": "Shuai" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "ui", + "input": "shui", + "ic": "Shui" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "uan", + "input": "shuan", + "ic": "Shuan" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "un", + "input": "shun", + "ic": "Shun" + }, + { + "initial": "sh-", + "final": "uang", + "input": "shuang", + "ic": "Shuang" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "a", + "input": "ta", + "ic": "Ta" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "e", + "input": "te", + "ic": "Te" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "ai", + "input": "tai", + "ic": "Tai" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "ei", + "input": "tei", + "ic": "Tei" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "tou", + "ic": "Tou" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "tao", + "ic": "Tao" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "an", + "input": "tan", + "ic": "Tan" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "tang", + "ic": "Tang" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "teng", + "ic": "Teng" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "ong", + "input": "tong", + "ic": "Tong" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "i", + "input": "ti", + "ic": "Ti" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "iao", + "input": "tiao", + "ic": "Tiao" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "ie", + "input": "tie", + "ic": "Tie" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "ian", + "input": "tian", + "ic": "Tian" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "ing", + "input": "ting", + "ic": "Ting" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "u", + "input": "tu", + "ic": "Tu" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "uo", + "input": "tuo", + "ic": "Tuo" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "ui", + "input": "tui", + "ic": "Tui" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "uan", + "input": "tuan", + "ic": "Tuan" + }, + { + "initial": "t-", + "final": "un", + "input": "tun", + "ic": "Tun" + }, + { + "initial": "w-", + "final": "a", + "input": "wa", + "ic": "Wa" + }, + { + "initial": "w-", + "final": "o", + "input": "wo", + "ic": "Wo" + }, + { + "initial": "w-", + "final": "ai", + "input": "wai", + "ic": "Wai" + }, + { + "initial": "w-", + "final": "ei", + "input": "wei", + "ic": "Wei" + }, + { + "initial": "w-", + "final": "an", + "input": "wan", + "ic": "Wan" + }, + { + "initial": "w-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "wang", + "ic": "Wang" + }, + { + "initial": "w-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "weng", + "ic": "Weng" + }, + { + "initial": "w-", + "final": "ong", + "input": "wong", + "ic": "Wong" + }, + { + "initial": "w-", + "final": "u", + "input": "wu", + "ic": "Wu" + }, + { + "initial": "x-", + "final": "i", + "input": "xi", + "ic": "Xi" + }, + { + "initial": "x-", + "final": "ia", + "input": "xia", + "ic": "Xia" + }, + { + "initial": "x-", + "final": "iao", + "input": "xiao", + "ic": "Xiao" + }, + { + "initial": "x-", + "final": "ie", + "input": "xie", + "ic": "Xie" + }, + { + "initial": "x-", + "final": "iu", + "input": "xiu", + "ic": "Xiu" + }, + { + "initial": "x-", + "final": "ian", + "input": "xian", + "ic": "Xian" + }, + { + "initial": "x-", + "final": "iang", + "input": "xiang", + "ic": "Xiang" + }, + { + "initial": "x-", + "final": "in", + "input": "xin", + "ic": "Xin" + }, + { + "initial": "x-", + "final": "ing", + "input": "xing", + "ic": "Xing" + }, + { + "initial": "x-", + "final": "iong", + "input": "xiong", + "ic": "Xiong" + }, + { + "initial": "x-", + "final": "yu", + "input": "xu", + "ic": "Xu" + }, + { + "initial": "x-", + "final": "ue", + "input": "xue", + "ic": "Xue" + }, + { + "initial": "x-", + "final": "uan", + "input": "xuan", + "ic": "Xuan" + }, + { + "initial": "x-", + "final": "un", + "input": "xun", + "ic": "Xun" + }, + { + "initial": "y-", + "final": "a", + "input": "ya", + "ic": "Ya" + }, + { + "initial": "y-", + "final": "o", + "input": "yo", + "ic": "Yo" + }, + { + "initial": "y-", + "final": "e", + "input": "ye", + "ic": "Ye" + }, + { + "initial": "y-", + "final": "i", + "input": "yi", + "ic": "Yi" + }, + { + "initial": "y-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "you", + "ic": "You" + }, + { + "initial": "y-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "yao", + "ic": "Yao" + }, + { + "initial": "y-", + "final": "an", + "input": "yan", + "ic": "Yan" + }, + { + "initial": "y-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "yang", + "ic": "Yang" + }, + { + "initial": "y-", + "final": "ong", + "input": "yong", + "ic": "Yong" + }, + { + "initial": "y-", + "final": "in", + "input": "yin", + "ic": "Yin" + }, + { + "initial": "y-", + "final": "ing", + "input": "ying", + "ic": "Ying" + }, + { + "initial": "y-", + "final": "yu", + "input": "yu", + "ic": "Yu" + }, + { + "initial": "y-", + "final": "ue", + "input": "yue", + "ic": "Yue" + }, + { + "initial": "y-", + "final": "uan", + "input": "yuan", + "ic": "Yuan" + }, + { + "initial": "y-", + "final": "un", + "input": "yun", + "ic": "Yun" + }, + { + "initial": "z-", + "final": "a", + "input": "za", + "ic": "Za" + }, + { + "initial": "z-", + "final": "e", + "input": "ze", + "ic": "Ze" + }, + { + "initial": "z-", + "final": "i", + "input": "zi", + "ic": "Zi" + }, + { + "initial": "z-", + "final": "ai", + "input": "zai", + "ic": "Zai" + }, + { + "initial": "z-", + "final": "ei", + "input": "zei", + "ic": "Zei" + }, + { + "initial": "z-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "zou", + "ic": "Zou" + }, + { + "initial": "z-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "zao", + "ic": "Zao" + }, + { + "initial": "z-", + "final": "an", + "input": "zan", + "ic": "Zan" + }, + { + "initial": "z-", + "final": "en", + "input": "zen", + "ic": "Zen" + }, + { + "initial": "z-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "zang", + "ic": "Zang" + }, + { + "initial": "z-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "zeng", + "ic": "Zeng" + }, + { + "initial": "z-", + "final": "ong", + "input": "zong", + "ic": "Zong" + }, + { + "initial": "z-", + "final": "u", + "input": "zu", + "ic": "Zu" + }, + { + "initial": "z-", + "final": "uo", + "input": "zuo", + "ic": "Zuo" + }, + { + "initial": "z-", + "final": "ui", + "input": "zui", + "ic": "Zui" + }, + { + "initial": "z-", + "final": "uan", + "input": "zuan", + "ic": "Zuan" + }, + { + "initial": "z-", + "final": "un", + "input": "zun", + "ic": "Zun" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "a", + "input": "zha", + "ic": "Zha" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "e", + "input": "zhe", + "ic": "Zhe" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "i", + "input": "zhi", + "ic": "Zhi" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "ai", + "input": "zhai", + "ic": "Zhai" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "ei", + "input": "zhei", + "ic": "Zhei" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "ou", + "input": "zhou", + "ic": "Zhou" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "ao", + "input": "zhao", + "ic": "Zhao" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "an", + "input": "zhan", + "ic": "Zhan" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "en", + "input": "zhen", + "ic": "Zhen" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "ang", + "input": "zhang", + "ic": "Zhang" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "eng", + "input": "zheng", + "ic": "Zheng" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "ong", + "input": "zhong", + "ic": "Zhong" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "u", + "input": "zhu", + "ic": "Zhu" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "ua", + "input": "zhua", + "ic": "Zhua" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "uo", + "input": "zhuo", + "ic": "Zhuo" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "uai", + "input": "zhuai", + "ic": "Zhuai" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "ui", + "input": "zhui", + "ic": "Zhui" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "uan", + "input": "zhuan", + "ic": "Zhuan" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "un", + "input": "zhun", + "ic": "Zhun" + }, + { + "initial": "zh-", + "final": "uang", + "input": "zhuang", + "ic": "Zhuang" + } + ], + "cell_count": 411 + }, + "appendix_b": { + "title": "Appendix B: Conversion Table of Common Chinese Romanization Systems", + "columns_as_printed": [ + "IC Transliteraion (Based on Pinyin)", + "Wade-Giles", + "Yale", + "Mandarin Phonetic (Zhuyin) Symbols" + ], + "rows": [ + { + "ic": "a", + "wade_giles": "a", + "yale": "a", + "zhuyin": "ㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "ai", + "wade_giles": "ai", + "yale": "ai", + "zhuyin": "ㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "an", + "wade_giles": "an", + "yale": "an", + "zhuyin": "ㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "ang", + "wade_giles": "ang", + "yale": "ang", + "zhuyin": "ㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "ao", + "wade_giles": "ao", + "yale": "au", + "zhuyin": "ㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "ba", + "wade_giles": "pa", + "yale": "ba", + "zhuyin": "ㄅㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "bai", + "wade_giles": "pai", + "yale": "bai", + "zhuyin": "ㄅㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "ban", + "wade_giles": "pan", + "yale": "ban", + "zhuyin": "ㄅㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "bang", + "wade_giles": "pang", + "yale": "bang", + "zhuyin": "ㄅㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "bao", + "wade_giles": "pao", + "yale": "bau", + "zhuyin": "ㄅㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "bei", + "wade_giles": "pei", + "yale": "bei", + "zhuyin": "ㄅㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "ben", + "wade_giles": "pen", + "yale": "ben", + "zhuyin": "ㄅㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "beng", + "wade_giles": "peng", + "yale": "beng", + "zhuyin": "ㄅㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "bi", + "wade_giles": "pi", + "yale": "bi", + "zhuyin": "ㄅㄧ" + }, + { + "ic": "bian", + "wade_giles": "pien", + "yale": "byan", + "zhuyin": "ㄅㄧㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "biao", + "wade_giles": "piao", + "yale": "byau", + "zhuyin": "ㄅㄧㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "bie", + "wade_giles": "pieh", + "yale": "bye", + "zhuyin": "ㄅㄧㄝ" + }, + { + "ic": "bin", + "wade_giles": "pin", + "yale": "bin", + "zhuyin": "ㄅㄧㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "bing", + "wade_giles": "ping", + "yale": "bing", + "zhuyin": "ㄅㄧㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "bo", + "wade_giles": "po", + "yale": "bwo", + "zhuyin": "ㄅㄠㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "bu", + "wade_giles": "pu", + "yale": "bu", + "zhuyin": "ㄅㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "ca", + "wade_giles": "ts’a", + "yale": "tsa", + "zhuyin": "ㄘㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "cai", + "wade_giles": "ts’ai", + "yale": "tsai", + "zhuyin": "ㄘㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "can", + "wade_giles": "ts’an", + "yale": "tsan", + "zhuyin": "ㄘㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "cang", + "wade_giles": "ts’ang", + "yale": "tsang", + "zhuyin": "ㄘㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "cao", + "wade_giles": "ts’ao", + "yale": "tsau", + "zhuyin": "ㄘㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "ce", + "wade_giles": "ts’e", + "yale": "tse", + "zhuyin": "ㄘㄜ" + }, + { + "ic": "cen", + "wade_giles": "ts’en", + "yale": "tsen", + "zhuyin": "ㄘㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "ceng", + "wade_giles": "ts’eng", + "yale": "tseng", + "zhuyin": "ㄘㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "cha", + "wade_giles": "ch’a", + "yale": "cha", + "zhuyin": "ㄔㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "chai", + "wade_giles": "ch’ai", + "yale": "chai", + "zhuyin": "ㄔㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "chan", + "wade_giles": "ch’an", + "yale": "chan", + "zhuyin": "ㄔㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "chang", + "wade_giles": "ch’ang", + "yale": "chang", + "zhuyin": "ㄔㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "chao", + "wade_giles": "ch’ao", + "yale": "chau", + "zhuyin": "ㄔㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "che", + "wade_giles": "ch’e", + "yale": "che", + "zhuyin": "ㄔㄜ" + }, + { + "ic": "chen", + "wade_giles": "ch’en", + "yale": "chen", + "zhuyin": "ㄔㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "cheng", + "wade_giles": "ch’eng", + "yale": "cheng", + "zhuyin": "ㄔㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "chi", + "wade_giles": "ch’ih", + "yale": "chr", + "zhuyin": "ㄔ" + }, + { + "ic": "chong", + "wade_giles": "ch’ung", + "yale": "chung", + "zhuyin": "ㄔㄨㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "chou", + "wade_giles": "ch’ou", + "yale": "chou", + "zhuyin": "ㄔㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "chu", + "wade_giles": "ch’u", + "yale": "chu", + "zhuyin": "ㄔㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "chuai", + "wade_giles": "ch’uai", + "yale": "chwai", + "zhuyin": "ㄔㄨㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "chuan", + "wade_giles": "ch’uan", + "yale": "chwan", + "zhuyin": "ㄔㄨㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "chuang", + "wade_giles": "ch’uang", + "yale": "chwang", + "zhuyin": "ㄔㄨㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "chui", + "wade_giles": "ch’ui", + "yale": "chwei", + "zhuyin": "ㄔㄨㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "chun", + "wade_giles": "ch’un", + "yale": "chwun", + "zhuyin": "ㄔㄨㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "chuo", + "wade_giles": "ch’o", + "yale": "chwo", + "zhuyin": "ㄔㄨㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "ci", + "wade_giles": "tz’u", + "yale": "tsz", + "zhuyin": "ㄘ" + }, + { + "ic": "cong", + "wade_giles": "ts’ung", + "yale": "tsung", + "zhuyin": "ㄘㄨㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "cou", + "wade_giles": "ts’ou", + "yale": "tsou", + "zhuyin": "ㄘㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "cu", + "wade_giles": "ts’u", + "yale": "tsu", + "zhuyin": "ㄘㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "cuan", + "wade_giles": "ts’uan", + "yale": "tswan", + "zhuyin": "ㄘㄨㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "cui", + "wade_giles": "ts’ui", + "yale": "tswei", + "zhuyin": "ㄘㄨㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "cun", + "wade_giles": "ts’un", + "yale": "tswun", + "zhuyin": "ㄘㄨㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "cuo", + "wade_giles": "ts’o", + "yale": "tswo", + "zhuyin": "ㄘㄨㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "da", + "wade_giles": "ta", + "yale": "da", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "dai", + "wade_giles": "tai", + "yale": "dai", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "dan", + "wade_giles": "tan", + "yale": "dan", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "dang", + "wade_giles": "tang", + "yale": "dang", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "dao", + "wade_giles": "tao", + "yale": "dau", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "de", + "wade_giles": "te", + "yale": "de", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄜ" + }, + { + "ic": "deng", + "wade_giles": "teng", + "yale": "deng", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "di", + "wade_giles": "ti", + "yale": "di", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄧ" + }, + { + "ic": "dian", + "wade_giles": "tien", + "yale": "dyan", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄧㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "diao", + "wade_giles": "tiao", + "yale": "dyau", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄧㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "die", + "wade_giles": "tieh", + "yale": "dye", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄧㄝ" + }, + { + "ic": "ding", + "wade_giles": "ting", + "yale": "ding", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄧㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "diu", + "wade_giles": "tiu", + "yale": "dyou", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄧㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "dong", + "wade_giles": "tung", + "yale": "dung", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄨㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "dou", + "wade_giles": "tou", + "yale": "dou", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "du", + "wade_giles": "tu", + "yale": "du", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "duan", + "wade_giles": "tuan", + "yale": "dwan", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄨㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "dui", + "wade_giles": "tui", + "yale": "dwei", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄨㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "dun", + "wade_giles": "tun", + "yale": "dwun", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄨㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "duo", + "wade_giles": "to", + "yale": "dwo", + "zhuyin": "ㄉㄨㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "e", + "wade_giles": "o", + "yale": "e", + "zhuyin": "ㄜ" + }, + { + "ic": "en", + "wade_giles": "en", + "yale": "en", + "zhuyin": "ㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "er", + "wade_giles": "erh", + "yale": "er", + "zhuyin": "ㄦ" + }, + { + "ic": "fa", + "wade_giles": "fa", + "yale": "fa", + "zhuyin": "ㄈㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "fan", + "wade_giles": "fan", + "yale": "fan", + "zhuyin": "ㄈㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "fang", + "wade_giles": "fang", + "yale": "fang", + "zhuyin": "ㄈㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "fei", + "wade_giles": "fei", + "yale": "fei", + "zhuyin": "ㄈㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "fen", + "wade_giles": "fen", + "yale": "fen", + "zhuyin": "ㄈㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "feng", + "wade_giles": "feng", + "yale": "feng", + "zhuyin": "ㄈㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "fo", + "wade_giles": "fo", + "yale": "fwo", + "zhuyin": "ㄈㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "fou", + "wade_giles": "fou", + "yale": "fou", + "zhuyin": "ㄈㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "fu", + "wade_giles": "fu", + "yale": "fu", + "zhuyin": "ㄈㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "ga", + "wade_giles": "ka", + "yale": "ga", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "gai", + "wade_giles": "kai", + "yale": "gai", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "gan", + "wade_giles": "kan", + "yale": "gan", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "gang", + "wade_giles": "kang", + "yale": "gang", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "gao", + "wade_giles": "kao", + "yale": "gau", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "ge", + "wade_giles": "ko", + "yale": "ge", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄜ" + }, + { + "ic": "gei", + "wade_giles": "kei", + "yale": "gei", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "gen", + "wade_giles": "ken", + "yale": "gen", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "geng", + "wade_giles": "keng", + "yale": "geng", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "gong", + "wade_giles": "kung", + "yale": "gung", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄨㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "gou", + "wade_giles": "kou", + "yale": "gou", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "gu", + "wade_giles": "ku", + "yale": "gu", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "gua", + "wade_giles": "kua", + "yale": "gwa", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄨㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "guai", + "wade_giles": "kuai", + "yale": "gwai", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄨㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "guan", + "wade_giles": "kuan", + "yale": "gwan", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄨㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "guang", + "wade_giles": "kuang", + "yale": "gwang", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄨㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "gui", + "wade_giles": "kuei", + "yale": "gwei", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄨㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "gun", + "wade_giles": "kun", + "yale": "gwun", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄨㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "guo", + "wade_giles": "kuo", + "yale": "gwo", + "zhuyin": "ㄍㄨㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "ha", + "wade_giles": "ha", + "yale": "ha", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "hai", + "wade_giles": "hai", + "yale": "hai", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "han", + "wade_giles": "han", + "yale": "han", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "hang", + "wade_giles": "hang", + "yale": "hang", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "hao", + "wade_giles": "hao", + "yale": "hau", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "he", + "wade_giles": "ho", + "yale": "he", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄜ" + }, + { + "ic": "hei", + "wade_giles": "hei", + "yale": "hei", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "hen", + "wade_giles": "hen", + "yale": "hen", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "heng", + "wade_giles": "heng", + "yale": "heng", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "hong", + "wade_giles": "hung", + "yale": "hung", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄨㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "hou", + "wade_giles": "hou", + "yale": "hou", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "hu", + "wade_giles": "hu", + "yale": "hu", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "hua", + "wade_giles": "hua", + "yale": "hwa", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄨㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "huai", + "wade_giles": "huai", + "yale": "hwai", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄨㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "huan", + "wade_giles": "huan", + "yale": "hwan", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄨㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "huang", + "wade_giles": "huang", + "yale": "hwang", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄨㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "hui", + "wade_giles": "hui", + "yale": "hwei", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄨㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "hun", + "wade_giles": "hun", + "yale": "hwun", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄨㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "huo", + "wade_giles": "huo", + "yale": "hwo", + "zhuyin": "ㄏㄨㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "ji", + "wade_giles": "chi", + "yale": "ji", + "zhuyin": "ㄐㄧ" + }, + { + "ic": "jia", + "wade_giles": "chia", + "yale": "jya", + "zhuyin": "ㄐㄧㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "jian", + "wade_giles": "chien", + "yale": "jyan", + "zhuyin": "ㄐㄧㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "jiang", + "wade_giles": "chiang", + "yale": "jyang", + "zhuyin": "ㄐㄧㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "jiao", + "wade_giles": "chiao", + "yale": "jyau", + "zhuyin": "ㄐㄧㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "jie", + "wade_giles": "chieh", + "yale": "jyang", + "zhuyin": "ㄐㄧㄝ" + }, + { + "ic": "jin", + "wade_giles": "chin", + "yale": "jin", + "zhuyin": "ㄐㄧㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "jing", + "wade_giles": "ching", + "yale": "jing", + "zhuyin": "ㄐㄧㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "jiong", + "wade_giles": "chiung", + "yale": "jyung", + "zhuyin": "ㄐㄩㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "jiu", + "wade_giles": "chiu", + "yale": "jyou", + "zhuyin": "ㄐㄧㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "ju", + "wade_giles": "chü", + "yale": "jyu", + "zhuyin": "ㄐㄩ" + }, + { + "ic": "juan", + "wade_giles": "chüan", + "yale": "jywan", + "zhuyin": "ㄐㄩㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "jue", + "wade_giles": "chüeh", + "yale": "jywe", + "zhuyin": "ㄐㄩㄝ" + }, + { + "ic": "jun", + "wade_giles": "chün", + "yale": "jyun", + "zhuyin": "ㄐㄩㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "ka", + "wade_giles": "k’a", + "yale": "ka", + "zhuyin": "ㄎㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "kai", + "wade_giles": "k’ai", + "yale": "kai", + "zhuyin": "ㄎㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "kan", + "wade_giles": "k’an", + "yale": "kan", + "zhuyin": "ㄎㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "kang", + "wade_giles": "k’ang", + "yale": "kang", + "zhuyin": "ㄎㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "kao", + "wade_giles": "k’ao", + "yale": "kau", + "zhuyin": "ㄎㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "ke", + "wade_giles": "k’o", + "yale": "ke", + "zhuyin": "ㄎㄜ" + }, + { + "ic": "ken", + "wade_giles": "k’en", + "yale": "ken", + "zhuyin": "ㄎㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "keng", + "wade_giles": "k’eng", + "yale": "keng", + "zhuyin": "ㄎㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "kong", + "wade_giles": "k’ung", + "yale": "kung", + "zhuyin": "ㄎㄨㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "kou", + "wade_giles": "k’ou", + "yale": "kou", + "zhuyin": "ㄎㄨㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "ku", + "wade_giles": "k’u", + "yale": "ku", + "zhuyin": "ㄎㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "kua", + "wade_giles": "k’ua", + "yale": "kwa", + "zhuyin": "ㄎㄨㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "kuai", + "wade_giles": "k’uai", + "yale": "kwai", + "zhuyin": "ㄎㄨㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "kuan", + "wade_giles": "k’uan", + "yale": "kwan", + "zhuyin": "ㄎㄨㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "kuang", + "wade_giles": "k’uang", + "yale": "kwang", + "zhuyin": "ㄎㄨㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "kui", + "wade_giles": "k’uei", + "yale": "kwei", + "zhuyin": "ㄎㄨㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "kun", + "wade_giles": "k’un", + "yale": "kwun", + "zhuyin": "ㄎㄨㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "kuo", + "wade_giles": "k’uo", + "yale": "kwo", + "zhuyin": "ㄎㄨㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "la", + "wade_giles": "la", + "yale": "la", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "lai", + "wade_giles": "lai", + "yale": "lai", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "lan", + "wade_giles": "lan", + "yale": "lan", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "lang", + "wade_giles": "lang", + "yale": "lang", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "lao", + "wade_giles": "lao", + "yale": "lau", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "le", + "wade_giles": "le", + "yale": "le", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄜ" + }, + { + "ic": "lei", + "wade_giles": "lei", + "yale": "lei", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "leng", + "wade_giles": "leng", + "yale": "leng", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "li", + "wade_giles": "li", + "yale": "li", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄧ" + }, + { + "ic": "lian", + "wade_giles": "lien", + "yale": "lya", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄧㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "liang", + "wade_giles": "liang", + "yale": "lyan", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄧㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "liao", + "wade_giles": "liao", + "yale": "lyau", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄧㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "lie", + "wade_giles": "lieh", + "yale": "lye", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄧㄝ" + }, + { + "ic": "lin", + "wade_giles": "lin", + "yale": "lin", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄧㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "ling", + "wade_giles": "ling", + "yale": "ling", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄧㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "liu", + "wade_giles": "liu", + "yale": "lyou", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄧㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "long", + "wade_giles": "lung", + "yale": "lo", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄨㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "lou", + "wade_giles": "lou", + "yale": "lung", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "lu", + "wade_giles": "lu", + "yale": "lou", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "lyu", + "wade_giles": "lü", + "yale": "lyu", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄩ" + }, + { + "ic": "luan", + "wade_giles": "luan", + "yale": "lwan", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄨㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "lue", + "wade_giles": "lüeh", + "yale": "lywe", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄩㄝ" + }, + { + "ic": "lun", + "wade_giles": "lun", + "yale": "lwun", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄨㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "luo", + "wade_giles": "lo", + "yale": "lwo", + "zhuyin": "ㄌㄨㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "ma", + "wade_giles": "ma", + "yale": "ma", + "zhuyin": "ㄇㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "mai", + "wade_giles": "mai", + "yale": "mai", + "zhuyin": "ㄇㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "man", + "wade_giles": "man", + "yale": "man", + "zhuyin": "ㄇㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "mang", + "wade_giles": "mang", + "yale": "mang", + "zhuyin": "ㄇㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "mao", + "wade_giles": "mao", + "yale": "mau", + "zhuyin": "ㄇㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "mei", + "wade_giles": "mei", + "yale": "mei", + "zhuyin": "ㄇㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "men", + "wade_giles": "men", + "yale": "men", + "zhuyin": "ㄇㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "meng", + "wade_giles": "meng", + "yale": "meng", + "zhuyin": "ㄇㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "mi", + "wade_giles": "mi", + "yale": "mi", + "zhuyin": "ㄇㄧ" + }, + { + "ic": "mian", + "wade_giles": "mien", + "yale": "myan", + "zhuyin": "ㄇㄧㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "miao", + "wade_giles": "miao", + "yale": "myau", + "zhuyin": "ㄇㄧㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "mie", + "wade_giles": "mieh", + "yale": "mye", + "zhuyin": "ㄇㄧㄝ" + }, + { + "ic": "min", + "wade_giles": "min", + "yale": "ming", + "zhuyin": "ㄇㄧㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "ming", + "wade_giles": "ming", + "yale": "ming", + "zhuyin": "ㄇㄧㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "miu", + "wade_giles": "miu", + "yale": "myou", + "zhuyin": "ㄇㄧㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "mo", + "wade_giles": "mo", + "yale": "mwo", + "zhuyin": "ㄇㄨㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "mou", + "wade_giles": "mou", + "yale": "mou", + "zhuyin": "ㄇㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "mu", + "wade_giles": "mu", + "yale": "mu", + "zhuyin": "ㄇㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "na", + "wade_giles": "na", + "yale": "na", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "nai", + "wade_giles": "nai", + "yale": "nai", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "nan", + "wade_giles": "nan", + "yale": "nan", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "nang", + "wade_giles": "nang", + "yale": "nang", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "nao", + "wade_giles": "nao", + "yale": "nau", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "ne", + "wade_giles": "ne", + "yale": "ne", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄜ" + }, + { + "ic": "nei", + "wade_giles": "nei", + "yale": "nei", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "nen", + "wade_giles": "nen", + "yale": "nen", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "neng", + "wade_giles": "neng", + "yale": "neng", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "ni", + "wade_giles": "ni", + "yale": "ni", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄧ" + }, + { + "ic": "nian", + "wade_giles": "nien", + "yale": "nyan", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄧㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "niang", + "wade_giles": "niang", + "yale": "nyang", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄧㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "niao", + "wade_giles": "niao", + "yale": "nyau", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄧㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "nie", + "wade_giles": "nieh", + "yale": "nye", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄧㄝ" + }, + { + "ic": "nin", + "wade_giles": "nin", + "yale": "nin", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄧㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "ning", + "wade_giles": "ning", + "yale": "ning", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄧㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "niu", + "wade_giles": "niu", + "yale": "nyou", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄧㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "nong", + "wade_giles": "nung", + "yale": "nung", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄨㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "nou", + "wade_giles": "nou", + "yale": "nou", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "nu", + "wade_giles": "nu", + "yale": "nu", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "nyu", + "wade_giles": "nü", + "yale": "nyu", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄩ" + }, + { + "ic": "nuan", + "wade_giles": "nuan", + "yale": "nwan", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄨㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "nue", + "wade_giles": "nüeh", + "yale": "nywe", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄩㄝ" + }, + { + "ic": "nuo", + "wade_giles": "no", + "yale": "now", + "zhuyin": "ㄋㄨㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "ou", + "wade_giles": "ou", + "yale": "ou", + "zhuyin": "ㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "pa", + "wade_giles": "p’a", + "yale": "pa", + "zhuyin": "ㄆㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "pai", + "wade_giles": "p’ai", + "yale": "pai", + "zhuyin": "ㄆㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "pan", + "wade_giles": "p’an", + "yale": "pan", + "zhuyin": "ㄆㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "pang", + "wade_giles": "p’ang", + "yale": "pang", + "zhuyin": "ㄆㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "pao", + "wade_giles": "p’ao", + "yale": "pau", + "zhuyin": "ㄆㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "pei", + "wade_giles": "p’ei", + "yale": "pei", + "zhuyin": "ㄆㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "pen", + "wade_giles": "p’en", + "yale": "pen", + "zhuyin": "ㄆㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "peng", + "wade_giles": "p’eng", + "yale": "peng", + "zhuyin": "ㄆㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "pi", + "wade_giles": "p’i", + "yale": "pi", + "zhuyin": "ㄆㄧ" + }, + { + "ic": "pian", + "wade_giles": "p’ien", + "yale": "pyan", + "zhuyin": "ㄆㄧㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "piao", + "wade_giles": "p’iao", + "yale": "pyau", + "zhuyin": "ㄆㄧㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "pie", + "wade_giles": "p’ieh", + "yale": "pye", + "zhuyin": "ㄆㄧㄝ" + }, + { + "ic": "pin", + "wade_giles": "p’in", + "yale": "Pin", + "zhuyin": "ㄆㄧㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "ping", + "wade_giles": "p’ing", + "yale": "ping", + "zhuyin": "ㄆㄧㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "po", + "wade_giles": "p’o", + "yale": "pwo", + "zhuyin": "ㄆㄠㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "pou", + "wade_giles": "p’ou", + "yale": "Pou", + "zhuyin": "ㄆㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "pu", + "wade_giles": "p’u", + "yale": "Pu", + "zhuyin": "ㄆㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "qi", + "wade_giles": "ch’i", + "yale": "chi", + "zhuyin": "ㄑㄧ" + }, + { + "ic": "qia", + "wade_giles": "ch’ia", + "yale": "chya", + "zhuyin": "ㄑㄧㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "qian", + "wade_giles": "ch’ien", + "yale": "chyan", + "zhuyin": "ㄑㄧㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "qiang", + "wade_giles": "ch’iang", + "yale": "chyang", + "zhuyin": "ㄑㄧㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "qiao", + "wade_giles": "ch’iao", + "yale": "chyau", + "zhuyin": "ㄑㄧㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "qie", + "wade_giles": "ch’ieh", + "yale": "chye", + "zhuyin": "ㄑㄧㄝ" + }, + { + "ic": "qin", + "wade_giles": "ch’in", + "yale": "chin", + "zhuyin": "ㄑㄧㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "qing", + "wade_giles": "ch’ing", + "yale": "ching", + "zhuyin": "ㄑㄧㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "qiong", + "wade_giles": "ch’iung", + "yale": "chyung", + "zhuyin": "ㄑㄩㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "qiu", + "wade_giles": "ch’iu", + "yale": "chyou", + "zhuyin": "ㄑㄧㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "qu", + "wade_giles": "ch’ü", + "yale": "chyu", + "zhuyin": "ㄑㄩ" + }, + { + "ic": "quan", + "wade_giles": "ch’üan", + "yale": "chywan", + "zhuyin": "ㄑㄩㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "que", + "wade_giles": "ch’üeh", + "yale": "chywe", + "zhuyin": "ㄑㄩㄝ" + }, + { + "ic": "qun", + "wade_giles": "ch’ün", + "yale": "chyun", + "zhuyin": "ㄑㄩㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "ran", + "wade_giles": "jan", + "yale": "ran", + "zhuyin": "ㄖㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "rang", + "wade_giles": "jang", + "yale": "rang", + "zhuyin": "ㄖㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "rao", + "wade_giles": "jao", + "yale": "rau", + "zhuyin": "ㄖㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "re", + "wade_giles": "je", + "yale": "re", + "zhuyin": "ㄖㄜ" + }, + { + "ic": "ren", + "wade_giles": "jen", + "yale": "ren", + "zhuyin": "ㄖㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "reng", + "wade_giles": "jeng", + "yale": "reng", + "zhuyin": "ㄖㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "ri", + "wade_giles": "jih", + "yale": "r", + "zhuyin": "ㄖ" + }, + { + "ic": "rong", + "wade_giles": "jung", + "yale": "rung", + "zhuyin": "ㄖㄨㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "rou", + "wade_giles": "jou", + "yale": "rou", + "zhuyin": "ㄖㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "ru", + "wade_giles": "ju", + "yale": "ru", + "zhuyin": "ㄖㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "ruan", + "wade_giles": "juan", + "yale": "rwan", + "zhuyin": "ㄖㄨㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "rui", + "wade_giles": "jui", + "yale": "rwei", + "zhuyin": "ㄖㄨㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "run", + "wade_giles": "jun", + "yale": "rwun", + "zhuyin": "ㄖㄨㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "ruo", + "wade_giles": "jo", + "yale": "rwo", + "zhuyin": "ㄖㄨㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "sa", + "wade_giles": "sa", + "yale": "sa", + "zhuyin": "ㄙㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "sai", + "wade_giles": "sai", + "yale": "sai", + "zhuyin": "ㄙㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "san", + "wade_giles": "san", + "yale": "san", + "zhuyin": "ㄙㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "sang", + "wade_giles": "sang", + "yale": "sang", + "zhuyin": "ㄙㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "sao", + "wade_giles": "sao", + "yale": "sau", + "zhuyin": "ㄙㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "se", + "wade_giles": "se", + "yale": "se", + "zhuyin": "ㄙㄜ" + }, + { + "ic": "sen", + "wade_giles": "sen", + "yale": "sen", + "zhuyin": "ㄙㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "seng", + "wade_giles": "seng", + "yale": "seng", + "zhuyin": "ㄙㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "sha", + "wade_giles": "sha", + "yale": "sha", + "zhuyin": "ㄕㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "shai", + "wade_giles": "shai", + "yale": "shai", + "zhuyin": "ㄕㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "shan", + "wade_giles": "shan", + "yale": "shan", + "zhuyin": "ㄕㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "shang", + "wade_giles": "shang", + "yale": "shang", + "zhuyin": "ㄕㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "shao", + "wade_giles": "shao", + "yale": "shau", + "zhuyin": "ㄕㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "she", + "wade_giles": "she", + "yale": "she", + "zhuyin": "ㄕㄜ" + }, + { + "ic": "shen", + "wade_giles": "shen", + "yale": "shen", + "zhuyin": "ㄕㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "sheng", + "wade_giles": "sheng", + "yale": "sheng", + "zhuyin": "ㄕㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "shi", + "wade_giles": "shih", + "yale": "shr", + "zhuyin": "ㄕ" + }, + { + "ic": "shou", + "wade_giles": "shou", + "yale": "shou", + "zhuyin": "ㄕㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "shu", + "wade_giles": "shu", + "yale": "shu", + "zhuyin": "ㄕㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "shua", + "wade_giles": "shua", + "yale": "shwa", + "zhuyin": "ㄕㄨㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "shuai", + "wade_giles": "shuai", + "yale": "shwai", + "zhuyin": "ㄕㄨㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "shuan", + "wade_giles": "shuan", + "yale": "shwan", + "zhuyin": "ㄕㄨㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "shuang", + "wade_giles": "shuang", + "yale": "shwang", + "zhuyin": "ㄕㄨㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "shui", + "wade_giles": "shui", + "yale": "shwei", + "zhuyin": "ㄕㄨㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "shun", + "wade_giles": "shun", + "yale": "shwun", + "zhuyin": "ㄕㄨㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "shuo", + "wade_giles": "shuo", + "yale": "shwo", + "zhuyin": "ㄕㄨㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "si", + "wade_giles": "ssu", + "yale": "sz", + "zhuyin": "ㄙ" + }, + { + "ic": "song", + "wade_giles": "sung", + "yale": "sung", + "zhuyin": "ㄙㄨㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "sou", + "wade_giles": "sou", + "yale": "sou", + "zhuyin": "ㄙㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "su", + "wade_giles": "su", + "yale": "su", + "zhuyin": "ㄙㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "suan", + "wade_giles": "suan", + "yale": "swan", + "zhuyin": "ㄙㄨㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "sui", + "wade_giles": "sui", + "yale": "swei", + "zhuyin": "ㄙㄨㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "sun", + "wade_giles": "sun", + "yale": "swun", + "zhuyin": "ㄙㄨㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "suo", + "wade_giles": "so", + "yale": "swo", + "zhuyin": "ㄙㄨㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "ta", + "wade_giles": "t’a", + "yale": "ta", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "tai", + "wade_giles": "t’ai", + "yale": "tai", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "tan", + "wade_giles": "t’an", + "yale": "tan", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "tang", + "wade_giles": "t’ang", + "yale": "tang", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "tao", + "wade_giles": "t’ao", + "yale": "tau", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "te", + "wade_giles": "t’e", + "yale": "te", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄜ" + }, + { + "ic": "teng", + "wade_giles": "t’eng", + "yale": "teng", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "ti", + "wade_giles": "t’i", + "yale": "ti", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄧ" + }, + { + "ic": "tian", + "wade_giles": "t’ien", + "yale": "tyan", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄧㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "tiao", + "wade_giles": "t’iao", + "yale": "tyau", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄧㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "tie", + "wade_giles": "t’ieh", + "yale": "tye", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄧㄝ" + }, + { + "ic": "ting", + "wade_giles": "t’ing", + "yale": "ting", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄧㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "tong", + "wade_giles": "t’ung", + "yale": "tung", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄨㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "tou", + "wade_giles": "t’ou", + "yale": "tou", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "tu", + "wade_giles": "t’u", + "yale": "tu", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "tuan", + "wade_giles": "t’uan", + "yale": "twan", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄨㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "tui", + "wade_giles": "t’ui", + "yale": "twei", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄨㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "tun", + "wade_giles": "t’un", + "yale": "twun", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄨㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "tuo", + "wade_giles": "t’o", + "yale": "two", + "zhuyin": "ㄊㄨㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "wa", + "wade_giles": "wa", + "yale": "wa", + "zhuyin": "ㄨㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "wai", + "wade_giles": "wai", + "yale": "wai", + "zhuyin": "ㄨㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "wan", + "wade_giles": "wan", + "yale": "wan", + "zhuyin": "ㄨㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "wang", + "wade_giles": "wang", + "yale": "wang", + "zhuyin": "ㄨㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "wei", + "wade_giles": "wei", + "yale": "wei", + "zhuyin": "ㄨㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "wen", + "wade_giles": "wen", + "yale": "wen", + "zhuyin": "ㄨㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "weng", + "wade_giles": "weng", + "yale": "weng", + "zhuyin": "ㄨㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "wo", + "wade_giles": "wo", + "yale": "wo", + "zhuyin": "ㄨㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "wu", + "wade_giles": "wu", + "yale": "wu", + "zhuyin": "ㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "xi", + "wade_giles": "hsi", + "yale": "xyi", + "zhuyin": "ㄒㄧ" + }, + { + "ic": "xia", + "wade_giles": "hsia", + "yale": "sya", + "zhuyin": "ㄒㄧㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "xian", + "wade_giles": "hsien", + "yale": "syan", + "zhuyin": "ㄒㄧㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "xiang", + "wade_giles": "hsiang", + "yale": "syang", + "zhuyin": "ㄒㄧㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "xiao", + "wade_giles": "hsiao", + "yale": "syau", + "zhuyin": "ㄒㄧㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "xie", + "wade_giles": "hsieh", + "yale": "sye", + "zhuyin": "ㄒㄧㄝ" + }, + { + "ic": "xin", + "wade_giles": "hsin", + "yale": "syin", + "zhuyin": "ㄒㄧㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "xing", + "wade_giles": "hsing", + "yale": "sying", + "zhuyin": "ㄒㄧㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "xiong", + "wade_giles": "hsiung", + "yale": "syung", + "zhuyin": "ㄒㄩㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "xiu", + "wade_giles": "hsiu", + "yale": "syou", + "zhuyin": "ㄒㄧㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "xu", + "wade_giles": "hsü", + "yale": "syu", + "zhuyin": "ㄒㄩ" + }, + { + "ic": "xuan", + "wade_giles": "hsüan", + "yale": "sywan", + "zhuyin": "ㄒㄩㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "xue", + "wade_giles": "hsüeh", + "yale": "sywe", + "zhuyin": "ㄒㄩㄝ" + }, + { + "ic": "xun", + "wade_giles": "hsün", + "yale": "syun", + "zhuyin": "ㄒㄩㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "ya", + "wade_giles": "ya", + "yale": "ya", + "zhuyin": "ㄧㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "yai", + "wade_giles": "yai", + "yale": "yai", + "zhuyin": "ㄧㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "yan", + "wade_giles": "yen", + "yale": "yan", + "zhuyin": "ㄧㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "yang", + "wade_giles": "yang", + "yale": "yang", + "zhuyin": "ㄧㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "yao", + "wade_giles": "yao", + "yale": "yau", + "zhuyin": "ㄧㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "ye", + "wade_giles": "yeh", + "yale": "ye", + "zhuyin": "ㄧㄝ" + }, + { + "ic": "yi", + "wade_giles": "i", + "yale": "yi", + "zhuyin": "ㄧ" + }, + { + "ic": "yin", + "wade_giles": "yin", + "yale": "yin", + "zhuyin": "ㄧㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "ying", + "wade_giles": "ying", + "yale": "ying", + "zhuyin": "ㄧㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "yo", + "wade_giles": "yo", + "yale": "Yo", + "zhuyin": "ㄧㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "yong", + "wade_giles": "yung", + "yale": "yung", + "zhuyin": "ㄩㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "you", + "wade_giles": "yu", + "yale": "you", + "zhuyin": "ㄧㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "yu", + "wade_giles": "yü", + "yale": "yu", + "zhuyin": "ㄩ" + }, + { + "ic": "yuan", + "wade_giles": "yüan", + "yale": "ywan", + "zhuyin": "ㄩㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "yue", + "wade_giles": "yüeh", + "yale": "ywe", + "zhuyin": "ㄩㄝ" + }, + { + "ic": "yun", + "wade_giles": "yün", + "yale": "yun", + "zhuyin": "ㄩㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "za", + "wade_giles": "tsa", + "yale": "dza", + "zhuyin": "ㄗㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "zai", + "wade_giles": "tsai", + "yale": "dzai", + "zhuyin": "ㄗㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "zan", + "wade_giles": "tsan", + "yale": "dzan", + "zhuyin": "ㄗㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "zang", + "wade_giles": "tsang", + "yale": "dzang", + "zhuyin": "ㄗㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "zao", + "wade_giles": "tsao", + "yale": "dzau", + "zhuyin": "ㄗㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "ze", + "wade_giles": "tse", + "yale": "dze", + "zhuyin": "ㄗㄜ" + }, + { + "ic": "zei", + "wade_giles": "tsei", + "yale": "dzei", + "zhuyin": "ㄗㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "zen", + "wade_giles": "tsen", + "yale": "dzen", + "zhuyin": "ㄗㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "zeng", + "wade_giles": "tseng", + "yale": "dzeng", + "zhuyin": "ㄗㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "zha", + "wade_giles": "cha", + "yale": "ja", + "zhuyin": "ㄓㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "zhai", + "wade_giles": "chai", + "yale": "jai", + "zhuyin": "ㄓㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "zhan", + "wade_giles": "chan", + "yale": "jan", + "zhuyin": "ㄓㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "zhang", + "wade_giles": "chang", + "yale": "jang", + "zhuyin": "ㄓㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "zhao", + "wade_giles": "chao", + "yale": "jau", + "zhuyin": "ㄓㄠ" + }, + { + "ic": "zhe", + "wade_giles": "che", + "yale": "je", + "zhuyin": "ㄓㄜ" + }, + { + "ic": "zhen", + "wade_giles": "chen", + "yale": "jen", + "zhuyin": "ㄓㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "zheng", + "wade_giles": "cheng", + "yale": "jeng", + "zhuyin": "ㄓㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "zhi", + "wade_giles": "chih", + "yale": "jr", + "zhuyin": "ㄓ" + }, + { + "ic": "zhong", + "wade_giles": "chung", + "yale": "jung", + "zhuyin": "ㄓㄨㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "zhou", + "wade_giles": "chou", + "yale": "jou", + "zhuyin": "ㄓㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "zhu", + "wade_giles": "chu", + "yale": "ju", + "zhuyin": "ㄓㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "zhua", + "wade_giles": "chua", + "yale": "jwa", + "zhuyin": "ㄓㄨㄚ" + }, + { + "ic": "zhuai", + "wade_giles": "chuai", + "yale": "jwai", + "zhuyin": "ㄓㄨㄞ" + }, + { + "ic": "zhuan", + "wade_giles": "chuan", + "yale": "jwan", + "zhuyin": "ㄓㄨㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "zhuang", + "wade_giles": "chuang", + "yale": "jwang", + "zhuyin": "ㄓㄨㄤ" + }, + { + "ic": "zhui", + "wade_giles": "chui", + "yale": "jwei", + "zhuyin": "ㄓㄨㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "zhun", + "wade_giles": "chun", + "yale": "jwun", + "zhuyin": "ㄓㄨㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "zhuo", + "wade_giles": "cho", + "yale": "jwo", + "zhuyin": "ㄓㄨㄛ" + }, + { + "ic": "zi", + "wade_giles": "tzu", + "yale": "dz", + "zhuyin": "ㄗ" + }, + { + "ic": "zong", + "wade_giles": "tsung", + "yale": "dzung", + "zhuyin": "ㄗㄨㄥ" + }, + { + "ic": "zou", + "wade_giles": "tsou", + "yale": "dzou", + "zhuyin": "ㄗㄡ" + }, + { + "ic": "zu", + "wade_giles": "tsu", + "yale": "dzu", + "zhuyin": "ㄗㄨ" + }, + { + "ic": "zuan", + "wade_giles": "tsuan", + "yale": "dzwan", + "zhuyin": "ㄗㄨㄢ" + }, + { + "ic": "zui", + "wade_giles": "tsui", + "yale": "dzwei", + "zhuyin": "ㄗㄨㄟ" + }, + { + "ic": "zun", + "wade_giles": "tsun", + "yale": "dzwun", + "zhuyin": "ㄗㄨㄣ" + }, + { + "ic": "zuo", + "wade_giles": "tso", + "yale": "dzwo", + "zhuyin": "ㄗㄨㄛ" + } + ], + "row_count": 397 + }, + "appendix_c": { + "title": "Appendix C: List of Common Chinese Surnames", + "note_as_printed": "Chinese STC Transliteration per IC (IC first, followed by other common renditions); partially adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_Chinese_surnames", + "entries": [ + { + "char": "丁", + "stc": "0002", + "ic": "Ding", + "alternates": [], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "于", + "stc": "0060", + "ic": "Yu", + "alternates": [], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "方", + "stc": "2455", + "ic": "Fang", + "alternates": [ + "Fong" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "孔", + "stc": "1313", + "ic": "Kong", + "alternates": [ + "Kung", + "Hung" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "毛", + "stc": "3029", + "ic": "Mao", + "alternates": [ + "Mo" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "王", + "stc": "3769", + "ic": "Wang", + "alternates": [ + "Wong", + "Voung", + "Ong", + "Heng" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "文", + "stc": "2429", + "ic": "Wen", + "alternates": [ + "Man" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "尹", + "stc": "1438", + "ic": "Yin", + "alternates": [], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "白", + "stc": "4101", + "ic": "Bai", + "alternates": [ + "Ba" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "石", + "stc": "4258", + "ic": "Shi", + "alternates": [ + "Shek" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "史", + "stc": "0670", + "ic": "Shi", + "alternates": [ + "Zee" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "田", + "stc": "3944", + "ic": "Tian", + "alternates": [ + "Tien" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "池", + "stc": "3069", + "ic": "Chi", + "alternates": [ + "Chea" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "江", + "stc": "3068", + "ic": "Jiang", + "alternates": [ + "Chiang", + "Gong", + "Giang" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "任", + "stc": "0117", + "ic": "Ren", + "alternates": [ + "Yum" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "伊", + "stc": "0122", + "ic": "Yi", + "alternates": [ + "Yee" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "朱", + "stc": "2612", + "ic": "Zhu", + "alternates": [ + "Chew", + "Choo", + "Chu", + "Gee" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "阮", + "stc": "7086", + "ic": "Ruan", + "alternates": [ + "Yuen", + "Nguyen" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "杜", + "stc": "2629", + "ic": "Du", + "alternates": [ + "Tu", + "Do" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "何", + "stc": "0149", + "ic": "He", + "alternates": [ + "Ho", + "Ko" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "李", + "stc": "2621", + "ic": "Li", + "alternates": [ + "Lee" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "呂", + "stc": "0712", + "ic": "Lu", + "alternates": [], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "邱", + "stc": "6726", + "ic": "Qiu", + "alternates": [ + "Khu", + "Kau" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "邵", + "stc": "6730", + "ic": "Shao", + "alternates": [ + "Chiu" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "沈", + "stc": "3088", + "ic": "Shen", + "alternates": [ + "Sun", + "Sung" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "宋", + "stc": "1345", + "ic": "Song", + "alternates": [ + "Sung" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "巫", + "stc": "1566", + "ic": "Wu", + "alternates": [ + "Mo" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "吴", + "stc": "0702", + "ic": "Wu", + "alternates": [ + "Woo", + "Ng", + "Ang", + "Eng", + "Ing" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "余", + "stc": "0151", + "ic": "Yu", + "alternates": [ + "Yue" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "金", + "stc": "6855", + "ic": "Jin", + "alternates": [ + "Ching", + "King" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "林", + "stc": "2651", + "ic": "Lin", + "alternates": [ + "Lim", + "Lam", + "Lum" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "孟", + "stc": "1322", + "ic": "Meng", + "alternates": [ + "Man" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "汪", + "stc": "3076", + "ic": "Wang", + "alternates": [ + "Wong" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "易", + "stc": "2496", + "ic": "Yi", + "alternates": [ + "Yee" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "周", + "stc": "0719", + "ic": "Zhou", + "alternates": [ + "Chau", + "Chow", + "Chou", + "Joe" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "花", + "stc": "5363", + "ic": "Hua", + "alternates": [ + "Fa", + "Far" + ], + "page": 1 + }, + { + "char": "段", + "stc": "3008", + "ic": "Duan", + "alternates": [], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "范", + "stc": "5400", + "ic": "Fan", + "alternates": [ + "Fang" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "郝", + "stc": "6787", + "ic": "Hao", + "alternates": [], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "胡", + "stc": "5170", + "ic": "Hu", + "alternates": [ + "Wu", + "Woo" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "侯", + "stc": "0186", + "ic": "Hou", + "alternates": [], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "姜", + "stc": "1203", + "ic": "Jiang", + "alternates": [ + "Giang" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "马", + "stc": "7456", + "ic": "Ma", + "alternates": [ + "Mah", + "Mar" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "姚", + "stc": "1202", + "ic": "Yao", + "alternates": [ + "Yew" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "柯", + "stc": "2688", + "ic": "Ke", + "alternates": [ + "Ker", + "and Quah" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "洪", + "stc": "3163", + "ic": "Hong", + "alternates": [ + "Hung" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "陈", + "stc": "7115", + "ic": "Chen", + "alternates": [ + "Chan", + "Tan" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "高", + "stc": "7559", + "ic": "Gao", + "alternates": [ + "Kao", + "Ko" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "郭", + "stc": "6753", + "ic": "Guo", + "alternates": [ + "Kuo", + "Kuok", + "Kwok" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "姬", + "stc": "1213", + "ic": "Ji", + "alternates": [], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "康", + "stc": "1660", + "ic": "Kang", + "alternates": [ + "Hong" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "陆", + "stc": "7120", + "ic": "Lu", + "alternates": [ + "Loc", + "Lok" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "秦", + "stc": "4440", + "ic": "Qin", + "alternates": [ + "Chin" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "孙", + "stc": "1327", + "ic": "Sun", + "alternates": [ + "Suen" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "唐", + "stc": "0781", + "ic": "Tang", + "alternates": [ + "Tong" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "夏", + "stc": "1115", + "ic": "Xia", + "alternates": [ + "Hsia", + "Ha" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "徐", + "stc": "1776", + "ic": "Xu", + "alternates": [ + "Hsu", + "Shaw", + "Seah", + "Shu" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "袁", + "stc": "5913", + "ic": "Yuan", + "alternates": [ + "Yuen" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "曹", + "stc": "2580", + "ic": "Cao", + "alternates": [ + "Tsao", + "Tso", + "Cho", + "Tow" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "常", + "stc": "1603", + "ic": "Chang", + "alternates": [], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "崔", + "stc": "1508", + "ic": "Cui", + "alternates": [ + "Chui" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "冯", + "stc": "7458", + "ic": "Feng", + "alternates": [ + "Fung", + "Foong" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "黄", + "stc": "7806", + "ic": "Huang", + "alternates": [ + "Wong", + "Hwang", + "Oei", + "Ooi" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "梁", + "stc": "2733", + "ic": "Liang", + "alternates": [ + "Leong", + "Leung", + "Liong", + "Leon", + "Loeung" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "梅", + "stc": "2734", + "ic": "Mei", + "alternates": [ + "Mai", + "May", + "Mey", + "Mui", + "Mue" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "许", + "stc": "6079", + "ic": "Xu", + "alternates": [ + "Hsu", + "Hui" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "张", + "stc": "1728", + "ic": "Zhang", + "alternates": [ + "Chang", + "Cheung", + "Jung", + "Cheong", + "Jong", + "Teo", + "Teoh" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "程", + "stc": "4453", + "ic": "Cheng", + "alternates": [ + "Tsen" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "傅", + "stc": "0265", + "ic": "Fu", + "alternates": [ + "Foo" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "贺", + "stc": "6320", + "ic": "He", + "alternates": [], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "彭", + "stc": "1756", + "ic": "Peng", + "alternates": [ + "Pang" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "汤", + "stc": "3282", + "ic": "Tang", + "alternates": [ + "Tong" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "萬", + "stc": "5502", + "ic": "Wan", + "alternates": [ + "Man", + "Mon", + "Won" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "葉", + "stc": "5509", + "ic": "Ye", + "alternates": [ + "Yip", + "Ip", + "Yap", + "Yep" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "曾", + "stc": "2582", + "ic": "Zeng", + "alternates": [ + "Tseng", + "Jeng" + ], + "page": 2 + }, + { + "char": "邹", + "stc": "6760", + "ic": "Zou", + "alternates": [ + "Chou" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "焦", + "stc": "3542", + "ic": "Jiao", + "alternates": [ + "Jiu" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "项", + "stc": "7309", + "ic": "Xiang", + "alternates": [ + "Hong" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "邓", + "stc": "6772", + "ic": "Deng", + "alternates": [ + "Tang", + "Teng", + "Thien", + "Thean", + "Thian" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "董", + "stc": "5516", + "ic": "Dong", + "alternates": [ + "Tong" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "贾", + "stc": "6328", + "ic": "Jia", + "alternates": [ + "Chia" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "雷", + "stc": "7191", + "ic": "Lei", + "alternates": [ + "Louie" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "乔", + "stc": "0829", + "ic": "Qiao", + "alternates": [ + "Chiao", + "Kiu" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "杨", + "stc": "2799", + "ic": "Yang", + "alternates": [ + "Young", + "Yeung", + "Yeo", + "Yong" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "潘", + "stc": "3382", + "ic": "Pan", + "alternates": [ + "Poon" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "熊", + "stc": "3574", + "ic": "Xiong", + "alternates": [ + "Hong", + "Hung" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "赵", + "stc": "6392", + "ic": "Zhao", + "alternates": [ + "Chao", + "Chiu", + "Chew", + "Chieu", + "Chu" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "郑", + "stc": "6774", + "ic": "Zheng", + "alternates": [ + "Cheng", + "Chung" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "蔡", + "stc": "5591", + "ic": "Cai", + "alternates": [ + "Tsai", + "Choi", + "Chua", + "Chai", + "Chye", + "Choy" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "范", + "stc": "5400", + "ic": "Fan", + "alternates": [ + "Fang", + "Farn" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "蒋", + "stc": "5592", + "ic": "Jiang", + "alternates": [ + "Chiang" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "黎", + "stc": "7812", + "ic": "Li", + "alternates": [ + "Lai" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "刘", + "stc": "0491", + "ic": "Liu", + "alternates": [ + "Lau" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "骆", + "stc": "7482", + "ic": "Luo", + "alternates": [], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "阎", + "stc": "7051", + "ic": "Yan", + "alternates": [], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "欧", + "stc": "2962", + "ic": "Ou", + "alternates": [ + "Au" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "赖", + "stc": "6351", + "ic": "Lai", + "alternates": [], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "霍", + "stc": "7202", + "ic": "Huo", + "alternates": [ + "Fuo" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "卢", + "stc": "4151", + "ic": "Lu", + "alternates": [ + "Loh", + "Low" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "钱", + "stc": "6929", + "ic": "Qian", + "alternates": [ + "Chian", + "Chin" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "萧", + "stc": "5618", + "ic": "Xiao", + "alternates": [ + "Siu", + "Siew", + "Seow", + "Hsiao" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "韩", + "stc": "7281", + "ic": "Han", + "alternates": [ + "Hon" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "龙", + "stc": "7893", + "ic": "Long", + "alternates": [ + "Lung" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "魏", + "stc": "7614", + "ic": "Wei", + "alternates": [ + "Ngai" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "谢", + "stc": "6200", + "ic": "Xie", + "alternates": [ + "Tsia", + "Che", + "She", + "Tse", + "Tze", + "Hsieh" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "薛", + "stc": "5641", + "ic": "Xue", + "alternates": [], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "戴", + "stc": "1601", + "ic": "Dai", + "alternates": [ + "Tai" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "聂", + "stc": "5119", + "ic": "Nie", + "alternates": [ + "Ni", + "Nye", + "Ny" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "谭", + "stc": "6223", + "ic": "Tan", + "alternates": [ + "Tam" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "罗", + "stc": "5012", + "ic": "Luo", + "alternates": [ + "Law" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "苏", + "stc": "5685", + "ic": "Su", + "alternates": [ + "Soo", + "So" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "锺", + "stc": "6945", + "ic": "Zhong", + "alternates": [ + "Chong" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "关", + "stc": "7070", + "ic": "Guan", + "alternates": [ + "Kwan", + "Kuan", + "Kwuan", + "Quan" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "顾", + "stc": "7357", + "ic": "Gu", + "alternates": [ + "Ku" + ], + "page": 3 + }, + { + "char": "龚", + "stc": "7895", + "ic": "Gong", + "alternates": [], + "page": 4 + }, + { + "char": "栾", + "stc": "2940", + "ic": "Luan", + "alternates": [], + "page": 4 + } + ], + "entry_count": 116 + } +}