diff --git a/plugins/alerts/macos_alert_volume_test.go b/plugins/alerts/macos_alert_volume_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1600782e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/alerts/macos_alert_volume_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package main
+
+// Fabricated macOS unified-log records run through the offline macOS parser
+// model (macParse) and the pinned SDK CEL. They pin the de-duplication keys of
+// the XProtect rule and that XProtect's own service is recognised whatever the
+// letter case of its name. The EventProcessor playground separately runs the
+// real parser and alert plugins.
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/threatwinds/go-sdk/plugins"
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+)
+
+func macVolumeRaw(t *testing.T, process, subsystem, message string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	event := map[string]any{
+		"timestamp": "2026-09-29T10:00:00Z", "process": process, "process_identifier": 123, "thread_identifier": 456,
+		"activity_identifier": 0, "class_name": "OSLogEntryLog", "level": "default", "message": message,
+		"store_category": "undefined", "sender": process,
+	}
+	if subsystem != "" {
+		event["subsystem"] = subsystem
+		event["category"] = "xprotect"
+	}
+	b, err := json.Marshal(event)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return string(b)
+}
+
+func TestMacOSXProtectAlertVolume(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg, cache := macConfig(t), plugins.NewCELCache("macos-alert-volume")
+	r := macRules(t)["xprotect_evasion"]
+	if r == nil {
+		t.Fatal("missing xprotect_evasion")
+	}
+	if want := []string{"dataSource", "adversary.process"}; len(r.GroupBy) != 0 || !reflect.DeepEqual(r.DeduplicateBy, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("grouping got groupBy %v deduplicateBy %v, want deduplicateBy %v", r.GroupBy, r.DeduplicateBy, want)
+	}
+	const rules = "Using XProtect rules location: /var/protected/xprotect/XProtect.bundle/Contents/Resources/XProtect.yara"
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name string
+		raw  string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		// XProtect's own service loading its rules, in the spelling macOS logs and the documented one.
+		{"XprotectService loads its rules", macVolumeRaw(t, "XprotectService", "com.apple.xprotect", rules), false},
+		{"XProtectService loads its rules", macVolumeRaw(t, "XProtectService", "com.apple.xprotect", rules), false},
+		{"another process touches the rules", macVolumeRaw(t, "bash", "", "cp /tmp/x /Library/Apple/System/Library/CoreServices/XProtect.bundle/Contents/Resources/XProtect.yara"), true},
+		{"a process deletes the rules", macVolumeRaw(t, "XprotectService", "com.apple.xprotect", "delete /var/protected/xprotect/XProtect.bundle/Contents/Resources/XProtect.yara"), true},
+		{"MRT terminated", macVolumeRaw(t, "MRT", "", "terminate"), true},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			out := macParse(t, cfg, tc.raw, "mac-lab", cache)
+			got, err := cache.Eval(r.Where, out)
+			if err != nil || got != tc.want {
+				t.Fatalf("where got %v (%v), want %v for %s", got, err, tc.want, out)
+			}
+			if !tc.want {
+				return
+			}
+			// adversary: origin, so adversary.process is the event's origin.process.
+			for key, path := range map[string]string{"dataSource": "dataSource", "adversary.process": "origin.process"} {
+				if v := gjson.Get(out, path); v.Type != gjson.String || v.String() == "" {
+					t.Fatalf("de-duplication key %s (%s) does not resolve in %s", key, path, out)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/plugins/alerts/macos_contract_test.go b/plugins/alerts/macos_contract_test.go
index 91c9c312f..7f9196e73 100644
--- a/plugins/alerts/macos_contract_test.go
+++ b/plugins/alerts/macos_contract_test.go
@@ -416,10 +416,14 @@ func macCheckGrouping(t *testing.T, rule *plugins.Rule, eventJSON string) {
 		t.Fatal(e)
 	}
 	hasIdentity := false
-	for _, field := range rule.GroupBy {
+	for _, field := range append(append([]string{}, rule.GroupBy...), rule.DeduplicateBy...) {
 		path := strings.Replace(field, "lastEvent.", "events.0.", 1)
 		value := gjson.Get(*wire, path)
-		if field == "adversary.host" || field == "lastEvent.dataSource" {
+		if field == "dataSource" {
+			// The alert plugin copies the event's dataSource onto the alert.
+			value = gjson.Get(*wire, "events.0.dataSource")
+		}
+		if field == "adversary.host" || field == "lastEvent.dataSource" || field == "dataSource" {
 			if value.String() != event.DataSource || value.String() == "" || value.String() == "unknown" {
 				t.Errorf("%s has no usable grouping identity %s", rule.Name, field)
 			}
diff --git a/rules/macos/xprotect_evasion.yml b/rules/macos/xprotect_evasion.yml
index c5d2d0e3a..4fc0d1d85 100644
--- a/rules/macos/xprotect_evasion.yml
+++ b/rules/macos/xprotect_evasion.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Rule version v1.0.0
+# Rule version v1.1.0
 
 dataTypes:
   - macos
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ references:
   - https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/macos-malware-researchers-how-to-bypass-xprotect-on-catalina/
   - https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/001/
 description: |
-  Detects attempts to evade or tamper with XProtect malware detection including modification of XProtect files, databases, or YARA rules. XProtect is Apple's built-in antimalware system, and attempts to bypass or disable it indicate potential malicious activity.
+  Detects attempts to evade or tamper with XProtect malware detection including modification of XProtect files, databases, or YARA rules. XProtect is Apple's built-in antimalware system, and attempts to bypass or disable it indicate potential malicious activity. XProtect's own service is recognised whatever the letter case of its name (macOS logs it as XprotectService). One alert is raised per Mac and process; repeats are suppressed for seven days.
 
   Next Steps:
   1. Immediately investigate the affected system and user account for signs of compromise
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ where: |
     regexMatch("log.message", ".*XProtect\\.(yara|meta\\.plist|bundle).*") &&
     (
       regexMatch("log.message", ".*(modify|tamper|delete).*") ||
-      (exists("origin.process") && !equals("origin.process", "XProtectService"))
+      (exists("origin.process") && !equalsIgnoreCase("origin.process", "XProtectService"))
     )
   ) ||
   (
@@ -57,6 +57,6 @@ where: |
     equals("log.subsystem", "com.apple.MRT") &&
     (contains("log.message", "bypass") || contains("log.message", "disable") || contains("log.message", "fail"))
   )
-groupBy:
+deduplicateBy:
+  - dataSource
   - adversary.process
-  - adversary.host