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feat(alalc): encode ALA-LC East Asian systems - Japanese 2022 kana, Chinese 2012 - #265

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Nov 8, 2026
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Summary

ALA-LC batch 4 (East Asian, work order 04-ala-lc-batch-4): three new authority maps transcribed from the ALA-LC romanization tables at loc.gov, each from the document's complete text layer cross-checked against the page images.

alalc-jpn-Hrkt-Latn-2022 — Japanese, McCune-Reischauer (source: japanese.pdf, June 2022, 37 pp.)

  • Encodes the Romanized/Kana Equivalent Charts completely: chart A (Standard, gojūon + dakuten + yōon incl. the small-kana cells) and chart B (Non-traditional, 40 foreign-sound sequences), kana-by-kana per §2.1 and §2.4.2.1.
  • Deterministic orthographic rules of the same document: lengthening-bar macron (§2.5.1), sokuon doubling with the ch→tch exception (chart note ii: appaku, gakkai, tosshin, mitchaku), n-apostrophe before vowels/y (§5.2: Shin'etsu, hon'yaku), kana repetition markers ゝゞ (§4.4.1), punctuation/typographical equivalents (§4.2-4.3).
  • M remainder (noted in metadata): kanji readings are context-dependent (§2.2-2.4 preferred readings; earlier editions marked kanji entries M) — this map covers the deterministic kana tables only. Also documented as remainders with the document's own evidence: morpheme-dependent vowel merging (the document attests identical kana こうし as both Kōshi (孔子) and koushi (子牛)), particle readings は/へ→wa/e, capitalization (§3) and word division (§6).
  • A document-internal contradiction is recorded: chart B prints すぇ/スェ→swe while note iii's worked example prints スェ|sue; the chart row is operative.

alalc-zho-Hani-Latn-2012 — Chinese (source: chinese.pdf, 2012, 21 pp.)

  • The 2012 ALA-LC Chinese table is Pinyin-based — it explicitly replaced the Wade-Giles system of earlier editions (Rules of Application 1), so the work order's Wade-Giles premise applies to the superseded tables, not this document.
  • Encodes the 321 characters attested with readings in the document's own example lines (the document provides no general hanzi table; it delegates readings to Ci Hai and other dictionaries), under the Separation of Syllables rule (each character's syllable separated by a space), with the bracket→quotation-mark rule (Punctuation 2) and 大 → any([dai, da]) as attested (大夫 dài fu vs 大師 dà shi). Simplified and traditional forms as printed.
  • Word-formation rules (name joining, Chang'an apostrophe, capitalization, reign-period dates) are context-dependent and recorded in notes.

alalc-zho-Latn-Latn-2012 — Wade-Giles → Pinyin correspondence (same source)

  • The document's only complete table: Correspondence of Wade-Giles to Pinyin, pages 9-21, all 397 printed rows in order — the device for normalizing WG spellings in older catalog records to the 2012 forms. Printed quirks preserved (ssu/szu→si, o→e, no→nuo, so→suo); aspiration mark printed as U+2018 with U+2019/U+0027 accepted as input folds.

Test plan

  • interscript-ts parse-all-isc: 407/407 parse
  • All embedded tests pass through the TS runtime — 214 new tests (113 Japanese incl. the document's §2.4.2.1/§2.5/§5.2/note-ii examples, 62 Chinese Hani, 38 WG→Pinyin) — plus full test/isc/ suite (119) green
  • git status shows only the three new files
  • No generated artifacts committed

…e 2012

Three maps from the ALA-LC romanization tables, transcribed from the
loc.gov documents' complete text layers:

- alalc-jpn-Hrkt-Latn-2022: McCune-Reischauer kana tables (charts A
  and B) kana-by-kana, plus the deterministic orthographic rules -
  lengthening-bar macron (2.5.1), sokuon doubling with the ch->tch
  exception (chart note ii), n-apostrophe (5.2), kana repetition
  markers (4.4.1), punctuation equivalents (4.2-4.3). Kanji readings
  (M remainder), morpheme-dependent vowel merging, particle readings
  of ha/he, capitalization and word division are documented as
  remainders, including the document's own こうし Kōshi/koushi split.

- alalc-zho-Hani-Latn-2012: the 2012 table is Pinyin-based (it
  replaced Wade-Giles). Encodes the 321 characters attested with
  readings in the document's example lines under the Separation of
  Syllables rule (per-character syllables separated by spaces), the
  bracket-to-quotation-mark rule, and 大 any([dai, da]) as attested.

- alalc-zho-Latn-Latn-2012: the complete Correspondence of Wade-Giles
  to Pinyin table (pages 9-21, all 397 printed rows in order), the
  document's own device for normalizing older catalog records, with
  U+2018/U+2019/U+0027 aspiration-mark input folds.

Verification: interscript-ts parse gate 407/407; all embedded tests
pass through the TS runtime (214 new); full isc suite green.
@ronaldtse
ronaldtse merged commit a212964 into main Nov 8, 2026
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